C Sharp Programming

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C sharp musical note

C# (pronounced "See Sharp") is a multi-purpose computer programming language suitable for all development needs. This WikiBook introduces C# language fundamentals and covers a variety of the base class libraries (BCL) provided by the Microsoft .NET Framework.

[edit] Introduction

Main introduction: C Sharp Programming/Foreword

Wikipedia has related information at C Sharp (programming language).

A PDF version is available. (info) (source)

Although C# is derived from the C programming language, it has features such as garbage collection that allow beginners to become proficient in C# more quickly than in C or C++. Similar to Java, it is object-oriented, comes with an extensive class library, and supports exception handling, multiple types of polymorphism, and separation of interfaces from implementations. Those features, combined with its powerful development tools, multi-platform support, and generics, make C# a good choice for many types of software development projects: rapid application development projects, projects implemented by individuals or large or small teams, Internet applications, and projects with strict reliability requirements. Testing frameworks such as NUnit make C# amenable to test-driven development and thus a good language for use with Extreme Programming (XP). Its strong typing helps to prevent many programming errors that are common in weakly typed languages.

Foreword: A description of the C# language and introduction to this Wikibook.
Getting started with C#: A simple C# program and where to get tools to compile it.

[edit] Language Basics

Naming conventions: Quickly describes the generally accepted naming conventions for C#.
Basic syntax: Describes the basics in how the applications you write will be interpreted.
Variables: The entities used to store data of various shapes.
Operators: Summarizes the operators, such as the '+' in addition, available in C#.
Data structures: Enumerations, structs, and more.
Control statements: Loops, conditions, and more. How the program flow is controlled.
Exceptions: Responding to errors that can occur.

[edit] Classes

Namespaces: Giving your code its own space to live in.
Classes: The blueprints of objects that describes how they should work.
Objects: Cornerstones of any object-oriented programming language, objects are the tools you use to perform work.
Encapsulation and accessor levels: Explains protection of object states by encapsulation.

[edit] The .NET Framework

.NET Framework Overview: An overview of the .NET class library used in C#.
Console Programming: Input and Output using the console.
Windows Forms: GUI Programming with Windows Forms.

[edit] Advanced Object-Orientation Concepts

Inheritance: Re-using existing code to improve or specialise the functionality of an object.
Interfaces: Define a template, in which to base sub-classes from.
Delegates and Events: Be informed about when an event happens and choose what method to call when it happens with delegates.
Abstract classes: Build partially implemented classes.
Partial classes: Split a class over several files to allow multiple users to develop, but also to stop code generators interfering with source code.
Collections: Effectively manage (add, remove, find, iterate, etc.) large sets of data.
Generics: Allow commonly used collections and classes to appear to have specialisation for your custom class.
Object Lifetime: Learn about the lifetime of objects, where they are allocated and learn about garbage collection.
Design Patterns: Learn commonly used design methodologies to simplify and/or improve your development framework.

[edit] Keywords

C# Keywords

`abstract`	`as`	`base`	`bool`	`break`
`byte`	`case`	`catch`	`char`	`checked`
`class`	`const`	`continue`	`decimal`	`default`
`delegate`	`do`	`double`	`else`	`enum`
`event`	`explicit`	`extern`	`false`	`finally`
`fixed`	`float`	`for`	`foreach`
`goto`	`if`	`implicit`	`in`	`int`
`interface`	`internal`	`is`	`lock`	`long`
`namespace`	`new`	`null`	`object`	`operator`
`out`	`override`	`params`	`private`	`protected`
`public`	`readonly`	`ref`	`return`	`sbyte`
`sealed`	`short`	`sizeof`	`stackalloc`
`static`	`string`	`struct`	`switch`	`this`
`throw`	`true`	`try`	`typeof`	`uint`
`ulong`	`unchecked`	`unsafe`	`ushort`	`using`
`virtual`	`void`	`volatile`	`while`

Special C# Identifiers

`add`	`alias`	`get`	`global`	`partial`
`remove`	`set`	`value`	`where`	`yield`

[edit] External links

Learning Visual C# in 5 minutes A simple tutorial that teaches you a few basics.
A C# Tutorial starts from basics and gives source code.
An Introduction to Mono Development by Andrew Troelsen
Sharp Develop IDE : A free IDE for C#, VB.NET and Boo projects on Microsoft's .NET platform.
Microsoft Visual C# Express Edition : A free development environment created by Microsoft for writing C# Applications.
Mono Project : A C# Development Environment for Linux, Windows, and other platforms.
Mono IDE : An GNOME based IDE for Mono on Linux platforms.
C# Online.NET - free, wiki-based C# and .NET encyclopedia and forums
C# Language Specification download page at ECMA
C# Environment setup Visual C# environment setup details from MSDN
C# FAQ C# FAQ, Blogs and Forums.
Premium C# Tutorial - A collection of complete programming tutorials
DotGNU Portable.NET - A CLI/.NET built in accordance with the requirements of the GNU Project capable of running C# programs on many platforms and architectures.
.NET Book Zero by Charles Petzold - free downloadable book on C# and .NET framework by one of the world's foremost authorities on Windows programming, Charles Petzold.