Identifier: kirkeshandbookof00kirk (find matches)
Title: Kirkes' handbook of physiology
Year: 1907 (1900s)
Authors: Kirkes, William Senhouse, 1823-1864 Greene, Charles Wilson, 1866-1947
Subjects: Physiology
Publisher: New York, W. Wood and company
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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tion to discuss the ques-tion of the differences between plants and animals. It might at the outsetof our inquiry have seemed an unnecessary thing to recount the distinctionswhich exist between an animal and a vegetable as they are in many cases soobvious, but, however great the differences may be between the higher animalsand plants, in the lowest of them the distinctions are much less plain. In the first place, it is important to lay stress upon the differences betweenvegetable and animal cells, first as regards their structures and next as re-gards their functions. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANIMALS AND PLANTS 11 It has been already mentioned that in animal cells an envelope or cell-wallis by no means always present. In adult vegetable cells, on the other hand,a well-defined wall is highly characteristic; this is composed of cellulose,is non-nitrogenous, and thus differs chemically as well as structurally from thecontained protoplasmic mass. Moreover, in vegetable cells, figure 12, B, the
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Fig. 11.—Karyokinesis, Mitosis, or Indirect Cell Division (diagrammatic). A, Cell with rest-ing nucleus; B, wreath, daughter centrosomes and early stage of achromatic spindle; C, chromo-somes; D, monaster stage, achromatic spindle in long axis of nucleus, chromosomes dividing;£, chromosomes moving toward centrosomes; F, diaster stage, chromosomes at poles of nucleus,commencing constriction of cell body; G, daughter nuclei beginning return to resting state; H,daughter nuclei showing monaster and wreath; /, complete division of cell body into daughtercells whose nuclei have returned to the resting state. (After Bohm and von Davidoff.) protoplasmic contents of the cell fall into two subdivisions: 1, a continuousfilm which lines the interior of the cellulose wall; and, 2, a reticulate mass con-taining the nucleus and occupying the cell-cavity. The interstices are filledwith fluid. In young vegetable cells such a distinction does not exist; a

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