Taiwan history/ROC retreats to Taiwan
The Republic of China (ROC) government retreated to Taiwan in December 1949 after losing the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This massive movement involved about 2 million soldiers, officials, and refugees fleeing to the island. Chiang Kai-shek led the Kuomintang (KMT) party and military during the retreat. Taipei was named the temporary capital of the ROC.
Results
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- The KMT set up single-party rule and kept martial law in place on the island for 38 years. The government carried out land reforms and grew the economy, turning Taiwan into a major industrial power.
- A massive treasury of imperial artifacts and national cultural treasures was evacuated to Taiwan.