← Myrtales	Flora of New York — Crossosomatales, Sapindales				→ Malvales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Clades	Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	#
angiosperms: eudicots: rosids: malvids	Crossosomatales	Staphyleaceae	—	—	Staphylea	bladdernut	1
	Sapindales	Anacardiaceae	Anacardioideae	Rhoeae	Rhus	sumac	5
					Toxicodendron	poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac	4
					Cotinus	smoketree	2
		Sapindaceae	Hippocastanoideae	Acereae	Acer	maple	15
			Hippocastanoideae	Hippocastaneae	Aesculus	buckeye, horse chestnut	2
			Sapindoideae	Koelreuterieae	Koelreuteria	golden rain tree	1
			Sapindoideae	Paullinieae	Cardiospermum	balloon vine	1
		Simaroubaceae	—	Ailantheae	Ailanthus	tree-of-heaven, Chinese sumac	1
		Rutaceae	Rutoideae	—	Ruta	rue	1
			Toddalioideae	—	Zanthoxylum	prickly ash	1
					Ptelea	hop tree	1
					Phellodendron	Amur cork tree	1
					Dictamnus	gas plant	1
		Meliaceae	Melioideae	Melieae	Melia	Chinaberry tree	1

Order Crossosomatales

The Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1993) is a small order^[1] that has a single native species in New York.^[2]

↑ P. F. Stevens (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13. Sep. 2013.
↑ Staphyleaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Family Staphyleaceae

The Staphyleaceae (bladdernut family) has been placed in Sapindales as recently as 1981 (Cronquist) and 1997 (Takhtajan).^[1] Only one species of this family is found in New York.^[2]

↑ P. F. Stevens (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13. Sep. 2013.
↑ Staphyleaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Staphylea

Crossosomatales — Staphyleaceae — Staphylea
Genus Staphylea	Bladdernut	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Staphylea trifolia L. 1753. Staphylea trifolia L. 1766. Staphylodendron trifoliatum Crantz	American bladdernut, Bladder nut Staphylier à trois folioles, Staphylier trifolié	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub, Shade		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Staphylea trifolia at MissouriPlants.com

Order Sapindales

The order Sapindales

Family Anacardiaceae

The Anacardiaceae (cashew or sumac family) ...^[1]

↑ Anacardiaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Subfamily Anacardioideae

Rhus

Rhus contains the sumac trees, which are all beneficial New York natives. However, the Chinese sumac or tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in the Simaroubaceae (quassia family, below) is a potentially invasive non-native.

Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Rhus
Genus Rhus	Sumac	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rhus typhina L. 1753. Datisca hirta L. (i) 1756. Rhus typhina L. 1768. Rhus canadensis Mill. 1847. Rhus typhina var. lacinata Alph. Wood 1891. Toxicodendron typhinum Kuntze 1892. Rhus americana Dippel 1892. Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw. (i) 1894. Rhus frutescens Hort (i) 1903. Schmaltzia hirta (L.) Small (i)	Staghorn sumac, Stag's-horn sumac, Velvet sumac, Vinegar tree Sumac vinaigrier, Sumac amaranthe, Vinaigrier	Native, CoC: 1, Secure UPL Perennial, Tree, shrub		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN COL POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Rhus glabra L. 1753. Rhus glabra L.	Smooth sumac	Native, CoC: 3, Secure UPL Perennial, Tree, shrub		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Rhus copallinum L. var. copallinum 1753. Rhus copallinum L.	Winged sumac	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Tree, Shrub		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Rhus copallinum L. var. latifolia Engl. 1883. Rhus copallinumvar. latifolia 1891. Toxicodendron copallinum var. latifolium	Broadleaf winged sumac	Native, CoC: 7, No reports FACU-UPL Perennial, Tree, Shrub		Oswego (1922) NYFA: U	USDA-NN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Rhus aromatica Aiton var. aromatica 1789. Rhus aromatica Aiton	Fragrant sumac	Native, CoC: 7, Secure UPL Perennial, Shrub		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Rhus aromatica var. arenaria 1905. Schmaltzia arenaria Greene 1937. Rhus trilobata var. arenaria (Greene) F.A.Barkley 1940. Schmaltzia trilobata var. arenaria (Greene) F.A.Barkley 1941. Rhus aromatica var. arenaria (Greene) Fernald 1945. Rhus arenaria (Greene) G.N.Jones	Fragrant sumac	N. America native US midwest, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Rhus × borealis Greene (pro sp.) Rhus glabra × Rhus typhina 1901. Rhus glabravar. borealis 1906. Rhus borealis Greene 1908. Rhus pulvinata Greene	Northern sumac, Pulvinate sumac, Hybrid of smooth sumac & staghorn sumac	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2?	USDA-NN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Toxicodendron

Toxicodendron contains the native, but often unwelcome, poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac trio. All of these produce the resin urushiol which can cause severe skin and mucous-membrane irritation in those who have a sensitivity to it.

Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron

While both eastern poison-ivy (T. radicans) and western poison-ivy (T. rydbergii) are rhizomatous and may occur as low shrubs, only eastern poison-ivy has aerial roots, allowing it to also occur as a trailing or climbing liana.^[1]

Eastern poison-ivy — In North America in general, T. radicans ssp. radicans occurs primarily east of the Appalachian Mountains and can be considered as a coastal taxon, while ssp. negundo occurs primarily west of the Appalachians. In New York, ssp. radicans occurs primarily in the southeast part of the state and up the Hudson Valley, while ssp. negundo occurs in the western and central parts of the state.^[2]

Western poison-ivy — Toxicodendron rydbergii is closely related to eastern poison-ivy, and despite its morphological differences and lack of climbing ability, may still be considered a subspecies or variety of T. radicans.

↑ Innes, Robin J. 2012. Toxicodendron radicans, T. rydbergii. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).
↑ Troy Weldy, David Werier & Andrew Nelson (2015) "T. radicans ssp. radicans" "T. radicans ssp. negundo" New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, N.Y.

T. radicans	Leaflets	Petioles	Drupes	Stems
ssp. radicans	fairly flat, underside glabrous except on main veins; tufts of hair on vein axils	glabrous	pubescent, scabrous, or papillose	may have aerial roots
ssp. negundo	fairly flat, underside softly pubescent	pubescent	usually glabrous	may have aerial roots
ssp. rydbergii	thicker, somewhat folded, underside glabrous to sparsely strigose, upper surface glabrous	glabrous	larger, glabrous	without aerial roots

Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron
Genus Toxicodendron Mill. sect. Toxicodendron	Poison ivy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. radicans 1753. Rhus radicans L. 1768. Toxicodendron vulgare Mill. 1891. Toxicodendron radicans Kuntze 1902. Rhus littoralis Mearns 1924. R. radicansvar. littoralis Deam 1941. R. radicansvar. malacotrichocarpa Fernald	Eastern poison ivy Herbe à puce de l'Est	Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Vine, Shrub, Subshrub		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. negundo (Greene) Gillis 1905. Toxicodendron negundo Greene 1971. T. radicansssp. negundo 1990. T. radicansvar. negundo	Midwestern poison ivy, Eastern poison ivy	Native, CoC: 3, Unranked FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Vine, Shrub, Subshrub		NYFA: U	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene 1900. Rhus rydbergii Small ex Rydb. 1905. Toxicodendron rydbergii Greene 1927. Rhus toxicodendronvar. rydbergii Garrett 1939. Rhus radicansvar. rydbergii 1961. T. radicansvar. rydbergii ^[1] 1981. Rhus radicansssp. rydbergii 1982. T. radicansssp. rydbergii	Western poison ivy, Rydberg's poison ivy, Northern poison oak Herbe à puce de Rydberg, Sumac de Rydberg	Native, CoC: 4, Vulnerable FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Vine, Shrub, Subshrub		NYFA: 3?	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron (excluded taxa)	Poison ivy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Toxicodendron pubescens Mill. 1768. T. pubescens Mill.	Atlantic poison oak ⓘ Eastern poison-oak ⓘ	N. America native southeast U.S., N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
↑ VASCAN lists western poison ivy as Toxicodendron radicans var. rydbergii as the currently accepted name, citing the Flora of North America Editorial Committee.

Toxicodendron sect. Venenata

Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Toxicodendron sect. Venenata
Genus Toxicodendron Mill. sect. Venenata	Poison sumac	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze	Poison sumac	Native, Likely secure, Perennial, Shrub-tree		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies

Cotinus

The genus Cotinus contains about seven shrubs. often referred to as smoke trees, some species of which have been planted in New York but probably not naturalized.

Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Cotinus
Genus Cotinus	Smoke tree	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cotinus coggygria Scop. 1753. Rhus cotinus L. 1771. Cotinus coggygria Scop. 1891. Cotinus cotinus Sarg.	Smoketree, Smokebush, Venetian sumac, Wigtree	Introduced from Eurasia, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cotinus obovatus Raf. 1840. Cotinus obovatus Raf. 1849. Cotinus americanus Nutt. 1859. Rhus cotinoides Nutt. ex J.G.Cooper 1892. Rhus americana Sudw. 1894. Cotinus cotinoides Britton	American smoketree, Chittamwood	Introduced from US South, N. America native, Cultivated in NY, Not naturalized Perennial, Tree, shrub		NYFA: 0	USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Family Sapindaceae

The Sapindaceae (soapberry family) ...^[1]

Subfamily Hippocastanoideae

Tribe Acereae

Acer

The genus Acer is represented by about fifteen native or naturalized species in New York. These species are here separated into sections following de Jong (2002).^[2] These sections are further organized into three tables corresponding to the three clusters (aceroid, palmatoid, and platanoid) described by Grimm et. al. (2006).^[3]

Most Acer species go by the common name maple, and all have opposite leaves. Maples are represented by the initial letter 'M' in the mnemonic "MADCap Horse," which can be used to remember which trees have opposite leaves. The other opposite-leave trees represented are Ash, Dogwood, Caprifoliaceae, and Horse chestnut. Of course there are exceptions.

↑ Sapindaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
↑ P. C. de Jong, 2002. World maple diversity, pp.2–11, in: Wiegrefe, S. J., H. Angus, D. Otis, and P. Gregorey (eds.). Proceedings of the 2002 International Maple Symposium held at Westonbirt Arboretum and the Royal Agricultural College in Gloucestershire, England.
↑ Guido W. Grimm, Susanne S. Renner, Alexandros Stamatakis & Vera Hemleben, 2006. A Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Phylogeny of Acer Inferred with Maximum Likelihood, Splits Graphs, and Motif Analysis of 606 Sequences.

Aceroid sect. Acer

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and black maple (Acer nigrum) are often treated as conspecific,^[1] with black maple identified as a subspecies of sugar maple. There are significant morphological differences, but little genetic difference between the two trees, which commonly hybridize. So it's thought that the morphological differences may be more the result of local conditions.^[2] The range of black maple does not extend much farther east than New York, while sugar maple is common in both New England and the Mid-west.

The Eurasian sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), also in the Acer section, is not common in New York, but it can become weedy and is now prohibited due to its demonstrated invasive potential.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Acer
Genus Acer sect. Acer ser. Saccharodendron	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer saccharum Marshall var. saccharum 1785. Acer saccharum Marshall in Arbust. Amer.:4 1800. Acer palmifolium Borkh. in Theor.Prakt.Handb.Forstbot. 1:107 1803. Acer barbatum Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:252 1812. Acer saccharinum var. glaucum Schmidt in Anleit.Ahornart.:43,t.VIII 1900. Acer nigrum var. monumentale (F.L.Temple) Rehder in L.H.Bailey, Cycl.Amer.Hort. 1919. Acer palmifolium var. glaucum Sarg. in Bot Gaz. 67:233 1936. Saccharodendron saccharum (Marshall) Moldenke in Revista Sudamer.Bot.5:2 1954. Acer nigrum var. glaucum (Schmidt) Fosberg in Castanea 19:27 1975. Acer nigrum ssp. saccharophorum (K.Koch) R.T.Clausen in Sedum N.Amer.:106 1983. Acer saccharum var. viride (J.A.Schmidt) A.E.Murray in Kalmia 13:3	Sugar maple, Hard maple, Rock maple Érable à sucre, Érable franc, Érable franche	Native, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Acer nigrum F.Michx. 1818. Acer nigrum F.Michx. in N.Amer.Sylv.Illustr. 2:238 1838. Acer saccharinum var. nigrum (F.Michx.) Torr. & A.Gray in Fl.N.Amer. 1:248 1886. Acer saccharum var. pseudoplatanoides Pax in Bot.Jahrb.Syst. 7:242 1889. Acer saccharum var. nigrum (F.Michx.) Britton in Trans.New York Acad.Sci. 9:10 1893. Acer palmifolium var. nigrum (F.Michx.) Schwer. in Gartenflora 42:456. 1933. Saccharodendron nigrum (F.Michx.) Small in Man.S.E.Fl.:824 1940. Acer saccharophorum var. nigrum (F.Michx.) J.Rousseau in Naturaliste Canad. 67:221 1952. Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum (F.Michx.) Desmarais in Brittonia 7:382	Black maple, Black sugar maple Érable noir	Native, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Acer nigrum × saccharum Acer nigrum × Acer saccharum	Hybrid of black maple & sugar maple Hybride de érable noir et de érable à sucre	Native, Unranked			VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Genus Acer sect. Acer ser. Acer	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer pseudoplatanus L. 1753. Acer pseudoplatanus L. in Sp. Pl.:1054 1764. Acer montanum Garsault in Fig. Pl. Méd.: t.113, opus utique rej. 1770. Acer pseudoplatanus var. variegatum Weston in Bot. Univ. 1:1 1782. Acer quinquelobum Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 2:198, opus utique oppr. 1790. Acer opulifolium Thuill. in Fl. Env. Paris 1:538, nom. illeg. 1796. Acer procerum Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton:280 1821. Acer majus Ray ex Gray in Nat.Arr.Brit. Pl.2:635 (publ. 1822) 1821. Acer majus var. glaucum Gray in Nat.Arr.Brit. Pl.2:636 (publ. 1822) 1822. Acer villosum C.Presl in J.S.Presl & C.B.Presl, Delic. Prag.:31 1828. Acer opizii Ortmann in Beitr. Naturgesch. 12:641	Sycamore maple, False planetree Érable sycomore	Introduced from Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 71%^[1], iMapInvasives, Prohibited^[2], CP-5^[3] NE-4^[4]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Acer pseudoplatanus: High (71). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Aceroid sect. Rubra

Silver maple (Acer saccharinum) and red maple (Acer rubrum) are closely related and hybridize as Freeman maple (Acer × freemanii)

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Rubra
Genus Acer sect. Rubra	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer saccharinum L. 1753. Acer saccharinum L. in Sp. Pl.: 1055 1784. Acer dasycarpum Ehrh. in Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 4:24 1793. Acer collinsonia Thunb. in Acer.:6 1803. Acer eriocarpum Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:253 1821. Acer virginianum Mill. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1:5 1831. Acer coccineum Wender. in Schriften Ges.Beförd.Gesammten Naturwiss. 1881. Acer album hort. ex G. Nicholson in Gard. Chron. ser. 2, 15:137 1914. Saccharodendron saccharinum (L.) Nieuwl. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3:183 1914. Sacchrosphendamnus saccharinus (L.) Nieuwl. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3:183 1933. Argentacer saccharinum (L.) Small in Man. S.E. Fl.:825 1944. Argentacer saccharinum var. laciniatum (Carrière) Moldenke in Castanea 9: 53	Silver maple Soft maple White maple River maple Water maple Érable argenté Érable blanc Plaine blanche	Native, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Acer rubrum L. var. rubrum 1753. Acer rubrum L. in Sp. Pl.:1055 1933. Rufacer rubrum (L.) Small in Man. S.E. Fl.:826	Red maple Soft maple Swamp maple Eastern red maple Scarlet maple Érable rouge	Native, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Acer rubrum L. var. trilobum Torr. & A.Gray ex K.Koch 1788. Acer carolinianum Walter in Fl. Carol.:251 1853. Acer rubrum var. trilobum Torr. & A.Gray ex K.Koch in Hort. Dendrol.:80 1912. Acer rubrum ssp. carolinianum (Walter) W.Stone in Pl. S. New Jersey:544 1919. Acer rubrum var. tridens Alph.Wood in Ohio J. Sci. 19:235 1933. Rufacer carolinianum (Walter) Small in Man. S.E. Fl.:826	Carolina red maple Three-lobed red maple Trident red maple Érable trilobé	Native, Vulnerable FACW-OBL Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 3-4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Acer × freemanii A.E.Murray Acer rubrum × Acer saccharinum 1969. Acer × freemani A.E.Murray	Freeman maple, Freeman's maple, Soft maple	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Aceroid sect. Ginnala

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Ginnala
Genus Acer sect. Ginnala	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer ginnala Maxim. 1856. Acer ginnala Maxim. 1857. Acer tataricumvar. laciniatum 1859. Acer tataricumvar. ginnala 1890. Acer tataricumssp. ginnala	Amur maple, Ginnala maple Érable du fleuve Amour	Introduced from east Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 66%^[1], iMapInvasives, CP-3^[2] NE-4^[3], WW		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Acer ginnala: Moderate 66 (MCLH). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Aceroid sect. Pentaphylla

Section Pentaphylla contains two East Asian maples that are commonly cultivated in New York, but are not known to naturalize in the state.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Pentaphylla
Genus Acer sect. Pentaphylla	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer buergerianum Miq. 1865. Acer buergerianum Miq. auct. Acer trifidum non Thunb. (1784)	Trident maple	Introduced from China, Taiwan, Cultivated, Not naturalized		NYFA: U	USDA-00 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax 1894. Acer nikoensevar. griseum 1902. Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax	Paperbark maple, Chinese paperbark maple	Introduced from China, Cultivated, Not naturalized		NYFA: U	USDA-00 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Palmatoid sect. Negundo

Box-elder (Acer negundo) is a common, often weedy tree that may be native to only the south-central portion of New York State, in the vicinity of Binghamton and Ithaca. Elsewhere in the state it is considered to be introduced. Box-elder is considered to be introduced and invasive in parts of Canada.

Boxelder is the only locally native or naturalized Acer species with compound leaves, which often superficially resemble poison ivy (Toxicodendron spp.)

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Negundo
Genus Acer sect. Negundo	Boxelder maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer negundo L. var. negundo 1753. Acer negundo L. 1794. Negundo aceroides (L.) Moench 1882. Negundo negundo (L.) Karst.	Box-elder, Manitoba maple, Ash-leaved maple Érable à Giguère, Érable négondo, Érable argilière	Native, CoC: 1, Secure, Note ^[1] FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Acer (excluded taxa)	Boxelder maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer negundo L. var. violaceum (G.Kirchn.) H.Jaeger 1864. N. aceroidesvar. violaceum 1884. Acer negundovar. violaceum 1908. Acer violaceum Simonk. 1982. Negundo aceroidesssp. violaceus W.A.Weber	Box elder	Native, CoC: 1, Unranked, Note:^[2] FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree		NYFA: ?	USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ Acer negundo is thought to be native to only parts of the state, mainly in the south-central part. It is considered to be introduced elsewhere and may be weedy. ↑ VASCAN, citing FNA Ed. Comm., in prep. f., considers Acer negundo var. violaceum to be a synonym of Acer negundo.

Palmatoid sect. Spicata

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Spicata
Genus Acer sect. Spicata	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer spicatum Lam. 1771. Acer pensylvanicum Du Roi non L. 1784. Acer parviflorum Ehrh. non Franch. & Sav. 1786. Acer spicatum Lam. 1811. Acer montanum W.T.Aiton non Lam.	Mountain maple, Moose maple, White maple Érable à épis, Érable bâtard, Plaine bâtarde, Plaine bleue	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4-5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Palmatoid sect. Palmata

Japanese maple, a popular ornamental tree has been found to naturalize in forest understories in the southeastern part of the state, and is considered invasive there.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Palmata
Genus Acer sect. Palmata	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer palmatum Thunb. 1784. Acer palmatum Thunb. 1867. Acer sanguineum Carrière	Japanese maple	Introduced from temperate Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 50%^[1], iMapInvasives, NE-4^[2] VT		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Acer palmatum: Moderate (50%). ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Platanoid sect. Macrantha

As the name suggests, the main stems of striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum, the only New York native in sect. Macrantha) have vertical white stripes on green-to-brown bark.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Platanoid sect. Macrantha
Genus Acer sect. Macrantha	Snakebark maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer pensylvanicum L. 1753. Acer pensylvanicum L. 1755. Acer canadense Duhamel 1771. Acer striatum Du Roi	Striped maple, Green-striped maple, Moosewood, Whistlewood, Goosefoot maple, Pennsylvania maple Èrable de Pennsylvanie	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Shrub-tree, Part shade - shade		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Platanoid sect. Platanoidea

Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is a widely-used street tree but has escaped cultivation near northeastern cities and has become a major threat to nearby forests and other habitats, where it can become the dominant tree and displace native vegetation.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Platanoid sect. Platanoidea
Genus Acer sect. Platanoidea	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer platanoides L.	Norway maple	Introduced, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 82%^[1], iMapInvasives, Regulated^[2], CP-2^[3] NE-1^[4]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Acer campestre	Hedge maple, Field maple	Introduced, Moderately invasive, CP-3^[5]		NYFA: X	USDA-X Images Wikispecies
Acer truncatum Bunge 1833. Acer truncatum Bunge Acer platanoidesvar. truncatum	Painted maple, Shantung maple, Purple-blow maple	Introduced from temperate Asia		NYFA: U	ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Acer platanoides: Very high (82). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

Tribe Hippocastaneae

Aesculus

The genus Aesculus is sometimes included in its own Hippocastanaceae (horse chestnut or buckeye family).

Aesculus sect. Aesculus

Horse chestnuts (Aesculus hippocastanum) were introduced from Europe, and are not closely related to Castanea (chestnuts), which are in the Fagaceae with Quercus (oak) and Fagus (beech). The horse chestnut is on the Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council Plant List.^[1]

Horse chestnuts are commonly planted in New York State. The New York Flora Atlas questions whether they truly naturalize or just repeatedly escape cultivation.

↑ Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council Plant List. invasive.org 2018.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Aesculus
Genus Aesculus sect. Aesculus	Horse chestnut	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aesculus hippocastanum	Horse chestnut	Introduced from S.E. Europe, Potentially invasive, CP-5^[1], WW		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

Aesculus sect. Pavia

Species in Aesculus sect. Pavia found in New York were introduced from elsewhere in North America and are generally known as buckeyes.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Pavia
Genus Aesculus sect. Pavia	Buckeye	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aesculus glabra Willd. var. glabra	Ohio buckeye	Introduced from US Midwest, N. America native, Unknown naturalization		NYFA: X NYFA: 11 counties ? counties	USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Aesculus flava Sol. 1778. Aesculus flava Sol. 1785. Aesculus octandra Marshall	Yellow buckeye, Sweet buckeye, Big buckeye Marronnier jaune	Introduced from US South, N. America native, Naturalized Perennial, Shrub-tree		Madison (2020) NYFA: nn	USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Aesculus parviflora Walter 1788. Aesculus parviflora Walter	Bottlebrush buckeye Pavier blanc	N. America native US South, Not naturalized, Cultivated Perennial, Shrub-tree		NYFA: Xm NYFA: Rensselaer (2000) iNat 8 counties	USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Aesculus pavia L. 1753. Aesculus pavia L.	Red buckeye Pavier rouge	N. America native US South, No specimens, Cultivated		NYFA: 0 NYFA: not listed 5 counties	USDA-NX ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Aesculus sect. Aesculus × Pavia

The commonly-planted hybrid of the European horse-chestnut and North American red buckeye (Aesculus × carnea) is known as red horse-chestnut.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Aesculus × Pavia
Genus Aesculus sect. Aesculus × Pavia	Cross-sect. hybrid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aesculus × carnea J.Zeyh. Aesculus hippocastanum × Aesculus pavia 1818. Aesculus × carnea J.Zeyh. 1822. Aesculus × carnea Hayne 1822. Aesculus × rubicunda Loisel. 1892. Aesculus floribunda Hort. ex Dippel 1892. Aesculus × floribunda Dippel	Red horse-chestnut ⓘ Red horsechestnut Hybrid of horse chestnut & red buckeye	Introduced, No specimens, Cultivated Perennial, Tree		NYFA: not listed iNat GBIF 11 counties	COL WFO POWO Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Sapindoideae

Sapindoideae

Tribe Koelreuterieae

Koelreuteria

The Asian genus Koelreuteria contains only three accepted species worldwide. Although all of them have been found to have naturalized to some extent in North America, only Koelreuteria paniculata (golden raintree) is believed to have naturalized as far north as New York.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Sapindoideae — Koelreuterieae — Koelreuteria
Genus Koelreuteria	Koelreuteria	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.	Golden raintree ⓘ Golden rain-tree Goldenrain tree ⓘ Pride-of-India ⓘ China tree ⓘ	Introduced from eastern Asia, Highly invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: 7 counties NYFA: X	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Tribe Paullinieae

Cardiospermum

Cardiospermum is a small genus of primarily tropical and subtropical herbaceous vines. C. halicacabum (balloon vine) is thought to be a neotropical native but has been cultivated as an ornamental as far north as New York State. Presumed garden escapes were collected in Queens and Warren counties around 1900, but the species is not thought to have naturalized in the state. Balloon vine is considered to be a noxious weed in more southern states, as far north as Missouri and Delaware, so it may be of concern in New York at some point.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Sapindoideae — Paullinieae — Cardiospermum
Genus Cardiospermum	Balloonvine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. 1753. Cardiospermum halicacabum L.	Balloon vine, Heartseed, Heart-pea, Love in a puff	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Not naturalized, Noxious US South		NYFA: X NYFA: 2 counties New York (2021)	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies

Family Simaroubaceae

The Simaroubaceae (quassia family) is represented by a single species persisting outside of cultivation in New York.

Ailanthus

Ailanthus contains probably no more that ten species, which are native to various parts of Asia and Australasia.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a successful urban tree that was introduced to North America from China as early as 1751. It is now considered to be highly invasive in New York State and elsewhere outside its native range.

Sapindales — Simaroubaceae — Ailantheae — Ailanthus
Genus Ailanthus Desf.	Ailanthus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (1916) Ailanthus glandulosa Desf.	Tree-of-heaven, Chinese sumac, Varnish-tree, Copa-tree Vernis de la Chine	Introduced from temperate China, Highly invasive, NYIS: 68%^[1], iMapInvasives, CP-2^[2] NE-1^[3]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ailanthus altissima: Moderate (68). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Family Rutaceae

The Rutaceae (rue or citrus family) ...

Subfamily Rutoideae

Ruta

Rue (Ruta graveolens) is cultivated as a ornamental, culinary, and medicinal herb. There seems to be no real evidence that it has naturalized in New York State.

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Rutoideae — Ruta
Genus Ruta	Rue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ruta graveolens L. 1753. Ruta graveolens L. 1770. Ruta hortensis Mill.	Rue, Common rue, Garden rue, Herb-of-grace Rue des jardins, Rue officinale, Rue fétide	Introduced from Europe, Not naturalized		NYFA: X NYFA: 3 counties 6 counties	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Toddalioideae

The foliage of the two New York native members of this subfamily, prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) and wafer-ash (Ptelea trifoliata), are important food for giant swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) caterpillars.

Zanthoxylum

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Zanthoxylum
Genus Zanthoxylum	Pricklyash	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. 1768. Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. 1806. Zanthoxylum fraxinifolium Willd. 1830. Thylax fraxineum Raf.	Northern prickly-ash, Common prickly-ash, Toothachetree Clavalier d'Amérique, Frêne épineux	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Ptelea

In New York State, the hoptree or wafer-ash is considered to be native near the shores of Lake Erie and western Lake Ontario. Elsewhere in the state, naturalized populations are probably escapes from cultivation.

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Ptelea
Genus Ptelea	Hoptree	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ptelea trifoliata L. ssp. trifoliata 1753. Ptelea trifoliata L. 1838. Ptelea baldwinii Torr. & A.Gray 2001. Ptelea trifoliata var. baldwinii D.B.Ward	Common hoptree, Wafer-ash, Stinking ash, Three-leaved hop tree Ptéléa trifolié, Orme de Samarie	Native, CoC: 8, Endangered FAC-FACU Perennial, Tree, Sun-shade		NYFA: 1-2	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Phellodendron

The genus Phellodendron (cork trees) contains the two northeast Asian species Phellodendron amurense (Amur cork tree) and Phellodendron chinense. Amur cork tree is listed as invasive in much of the northeast, including New York.

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Phellodendron
Genus Phellodendron	Corktree	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phellodendron amurense Rupr. 1857. Phellodendron amurense Rupr. 1871. Phellodendron japonicum Maxim. 1905. Phellodendron sachalinense Sarg. 1909. Phellodendron lavallei Dode	Amur corktree, Chinese corktree Phellodendron de l'Amour, Arbre liège de Chine, Phellodendron de Sibérie	Introduced from temperate Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 75%^[1], Prohibited^[2], NYS Tier 4^[3]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phellodendron amurense: High (75). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers: Amur corktree. NYS Tier 4.

Dictamnus

The gasplant gets its name from the volatile citrus-scented oil produced by its leaves.

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Dictamnus
Genus Dictamnus	Dictamnus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dictamnus albus L. 1753. Dictamnus albus L. 1805. Dictamnus fraxinellus Pers. 1840. Dictamnus fraxinellusvar. caucasicus Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 1932. Dictamnus caucasicus Grossh.	Gasplant, Dittany, Burningbush	Introduced from Eurasia, Not naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Family Meliaceae

The Meliaceae (mahogany family)...

Subfamily Melioideae

Tribe Melieae

Melia

The 1995 USFS - New York City Tree Census reported 13 occurrences of Melia azedarach in Kings County and 2 in Queens County.^[1] Most of these seem to have been planted as street trees along Fort Hamilton Parkway in Brooklyn.^[2] The 2015 Street Tree Census showed no Chinaberry trees in New York City.^[3]

Sapindales — Meliacea — Melioideae — Melieae
Genus Melia	Melia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Melia azedarach	Chinaberry tree Bead Tree China Ball Tree Paradise Tree Persian Lilac White Cedar Japanese Bead Tree Texas Umbrella Tree Pride-of-India	Introduced, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [1], No NY specimens, FEIS		NYFA-Excluded NYFA: Excluded iNat GBIF Queens (2019)	USDA-X BONAP Images Wikispecies

[1] P. F. Stevens (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13. Sep. 2013.

[2] Staphyleaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[3] P. F. Stevens (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13. Sep. 2013.

[4] Staphyleaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[5] Anacardiaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[6] Innes, Robin J. 2012. Toxicodendron radicans, T. rydbergii. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).

[7] Troy Weldy, David Werier & Andrew Nelson (2015) "T. radicans ssp. radicans" "T. radicans ssp. negundo" New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, N.Y.

[vascan-8] VASCAN lists western poison ivy as Toxicodendron radicans var. rydbergii as the currently accepted name, citing the Flora of North America Editorial Committee.

[9] Sapindaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[10] P. C. de Jong, 2002. World maple diversity, pp.2–11, in: Wiegrefe, S. J., H. Angus, D. Otis, and P. Gregorey (eds.). Proceedings of the 2002 International Maple Symposium held at Westonbirt Arboretum and the Royal Agricultural College in Gloucestershire, England.

[11] Guido W. Grimm, Susanne S. Renner, Alexandros Stamatakis & Vera Hemleben, 2006. A Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Phylogeny of Acer Inferred with Maximum Likelihood, Splits Graphs, and Motif Analysis of 606 Sequences.

[12] Gao, J., Liao, PC., Huang, BH. et al. Historical biogeography of Acer L. (Sapindaceae): genetic evidence for Out-of-Asia hypothesis with multiple dispersals to North America and Europe. Sci Rep 10, 21178 (2020).

[13] Adam P. Skepner & Dan E. Krane (1997). "RAPD reveals genetic similarity of Acer saccharum and Acer nigrum." Heredity (1998) 80, 422–428.

[14] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Acer pseudoplatanus: High (71).

[prohibit-ref-15] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[CP5-16] Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[NE4-17] Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[18] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Acer ginnala: Moderate 66 (MCLH).

[CP3-19] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[NE4-20] Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[21] Acer negundo is thought to be native to only parts of the state, mainly in the south-central part. It is considered to be introduced elsewhere and may be weedy.

[22] VASCAN, citing FNA Ed. Comm., in prep. f., considers Acer negundo var. violaceum to be a synonym of Acer negundo.

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