Flora of New York/Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae

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Lamiales 3 		Flora of New York — Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae →
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Order Aquifoliales[edit | edit source]

The order Aquifoliales contains primarily the Aquifoliaceae (holly family), members of which are found in New York. Smaller families of Aquifoliales (Helwingiaceae, Phyllonomaceae, Stemonuraceae, and Cardiopteridaceae) are not known to naturalize in New York.

Family Aquifoliaceae[edit | edit source]

The Aquifoliaceae (holly family) ...

Ilex[edit | edit source]
Ilex verticillata
Ilex contains trees and shrubs generally known as holly and winterberry.
Aquifoliales — Aquifoliaceae — Ilex
Ilex Holly N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) A.Gray
1753. Prinos verticillatus L.
1856. Ilex verticillata A.Gray
1912. Ilex fastigiata E.P.Bicknell
1921. Ilex verticillata var. fastigiata Fernald
 Common winterberry,
Winterberry,
Virginia winterberry,
Black holly,
Black alder
Houx verticillé 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
FACW
Perennial,
Tree, shrub,
Dioecious,
Sun - part shade
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
BONAP
LBJ
MBG Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) M.Powell, Savol. & S.Andrews
1753. Vaccinium mucronatum L.
1901. Nemopanthus mucronatus Loes.
2000. Ilex mucronata M.Powell et al.
 Mountain holly,
Catberry
Némopanthe mucroné,
Faux houx 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Tree, shrub
NYFA-5
USDA-N
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
BONAP
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Torr. & A.Gray
1848. Ilex montana Torr. & A.Gray
1856. Ilex monticola A.Gray
1870. Ilex amelanchier var. monticola Alph.Wood
1964. Ilex ambigua var. montana H.E.Ahles
1977. Ilex ambigua var. monticola Wunderlin & Poppleton
1983. Ilex ambigua ssp. montana A.E.Murray
 Mountain winterberry,
Mountain holly,
Big-leaved holly 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure
FACU
Perennial,
Tree, shrub
NYFA-4
USDA-N0
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) A.Gray 1856
1753. Prinos glaber L.
1856. Ilex glabra A.Gray
 Inkberry, ink-berry,
Gallberry,
Winter-berry,
Evergreen winterberry,
Appalachian-tea 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure
FACW-FAC
Perennial,
Tree, shrub
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 (Pursh) A.Gray
1813. Prinos laevigatus Pursh
1856. Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A.Gray
 Smooth winterberry,
Smooth winterberry holly 		Native, CoC: 8,
Vulnerable
OBL
Perennial,
Tree, shrub
NYFA-4
USDA-N0
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Aiton
 var. opaca
1789. Ilex opaca Aiton
    
    
 American holly,
White holly,
Christmas holly 		Native, CoC: 8,
Vulnerable
FACU
Perennial,
Tree, shrub,
Sun - shade
NYFA-3-4
USDA-N0
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Thunb. 1784
1865. Celastrus adenophyllus Miq.
 Japanese holly,
Box-leaf holly
Houx crénelé 		Introduced from
 Asia,
Somewhat invasive,
 NYIS: 48%[1],
Naturalized
Perennial,
Tree, shrub
Nassau (1994),
Queens (2003-08),
Rockland (1995),
Suffolk (1995-2008) 		NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Ilex aquifolium L.
    
    
 English holly
Houx commun 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa
Perennial,
Tree, shrub

USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
Note: [2]
  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ilex crenata: Low (48).
  2. ↑ Although Ilex aquifolium is not listed as naturalized in New York or most of the Northeast, it is listed as present in "forests and borders of swamps in areas of habitation" in the adjacent state of Massachusetts,[1] and it is cultivated in suitable parts of New York as an ornamental tree.

Order Asterales[edit | edit source]

Family Campanulaceae[edit | edit source]

Subfamily Campanuloideae[edit | edit source]

Campanula[edit | edit source]
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Campanula[1]
Campanula Bellflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Pursh
    Campanula aparinoides var. grandiflora
    Campanula aparinoides var. uliginosa
    Campanula uliginosa Rydb.
 Marsh bellflower Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    Campanula alaskana
    Campanula dubia
    Campanula gieseckiana
    Campanula groenlandica
 American harebell,
Bluebell bellflower 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-4-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Campanula americana L.
1796. Campanula asteroides Lam.
1803. Campanula acuminata Michx.
1836. Campanula illinoensis Fresen.
1884. Specularia americana (L.) Morgan ex J.James
1903. Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small
1919. Campanula americana var. illinoensis
 Tall bellflower,
American bellflower
Campanule d'Amérique 		Native, CoC: 7,
Endangered
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part shade
NYFA-1
USDA-NN
Go Botany-0
VASCAN
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    C. rapunculoides var. ucranica
 Creeping bellflower,
Rampion bellflower
Campanule fausse-raiponce
Campanule raiponce
Fausse raiponce
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized,
CBG-A4[2]
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 Bats in the belfry,
Nettle-leaved bellflower 		Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    C. persicifolia var. alba
 Peachleaf bellflower,
Peach-leaved bellflower 		Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 Clustered bellflower,
Dane's blood 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [2],
Not naturalized
NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    
    
    
Canterbury bells
 Introduced,
Naturalization unknown
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
Campanula (excluded taxa) Bellflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution X NPT
 L.
 Rambling bellflower,
Spreading bellflower 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Roquet et. al. 2008: "Natural Delineation, Molecular Phylogeny and Floral Evolution in Campanula." Systematic Botany 33(1): 203-217.
  2. ↑ Cornell Botanic Gardens Invasive Species Policy Committee (2018). Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region.
Triodanis[edit | edit source]
Triodanis perfoliata
Venus’ looking-glass
Triodanis (Venus' looking glass) plants can have both chasmogamous (CH) flowers, which are open to pollination by visitors and so can either outcross or self-fertilize, and cleistogamous (CL) flowers, which remain closed throughout the season and must necessarily self-fertilize.
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Triodanis
Triodanis Venus' looking glass N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Nieuwl.
1753. Campanula perfoliata L.
1826. Prismatocarpus perfoliatus
(L.) Sweet
1830. Specularia perfoliata (L.) A.DC.
1894. Legousia perfoliata (L.) Britton
1914. Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl.
Common Venus’ looking glass
Clasping Venus' looking-glass
Clasping-leaved
Venus'-looking-glass
Claspingleaf
Venus'-looking-glass
 Native,
Secure
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
BONAP
EOL Images
Wikispecies
(Ruiz & Pav.) Greene
1799. Campanula biflora Ruiz & Pav.
1843. Dysmicodon californicum Nutt.
1874. Specularia californica
(Nutt.) Vatke
1891. Pentagonia biflora
(Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze
1891. Specularia biflora
(Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze
1894. Triodanis biflora
(Ruiz & Pav.) Greene
1894. Legousia biflora
(Ruiz & Pav.) Britton
1975. Triodanis perfoliata var. biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) T.R.Bradley
2006. Triodanis perfoliata ssp. biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Lammers
 Southern Venus’ looking glass,
Small Venus' looking-glass 		Introduced from
 southern US,
N. America native,
Unk. naturalization
NYFA-X
USDA-N
Go Botany
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Jasione[edit | edit source]
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Jasione
Jasione Jasione N.Y. Status Images Distribution 1 NPT
 L.
 Sheepbit,
Sheep's-bit 		Introduced
NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Platycodon[edit | edit source]
Platycodon grandiflorus
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Platycodon
Platycodon Platycodon N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Jacq.) A.DC.
P. grandiflorum orth. var.
 Balloon-flower,
Chinese bellflower 		Introduced,
No specimens

NYFA: Excluded
iNat: xx counties 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily Lobelioideae[edit | edit source]

Lobelia[edit | edit source]
Lobelia sect. Lobelia[edit | edit source]
Lobelia cardinalis
cardinal flower
All native New York Lobelia species are in sect. Lobelia.[1]
  1. ↑ Thomas G. Lammers (2011), "Revision of the Infrageneric Classification of Lobelia L. (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae)." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 98(1): 37–62.
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Lobelioideae — Lobelieae — Lobelia
Lobelia sect. Lobelia Cardinal flower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Lobelia inflata L.
1768. Rapuntium inflatum (L.) Mill.
1891. Dortmannia inflata (L.) Kuntze
 Indian-tobacco,
Puke weed
Lobélie enflée,
Tabac indien 		Native, CoC: 1,
Secure
FAC-FACU
Annual,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Lam.
var. spicata
1792. Lobelia spicata Lam.
1839. Lobelia leptostachys A.DC.
1891. Dortmannia spicata (Lam.) Kuntze
1903. Lobelia bracteata Small
 Palespike lobelia,
Pale-spiked lobelia,
Spiked lobelia,
Balespike lobelia,
Highbelia
Lobélie à épi 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Lam.
var. hirtella A.Gray
1878. Lobelia spicata var. hirtella
1898. L. hirtella (A.Gray) Greene
1913. L. leptostachys var. hirtella
1917. Petromarula hirtella
(A. Gray) Nieuwl. & Lunell
 Bristly-spiked lobelia Native, CoC: 1,
Unranked
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-N?
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
Tropicos
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
var. siphilitica
1753. Lobelia siphilitica L.
1891. Dortmannia siphilitica (L.) Kuntze
 Great blue lobelia,
Blue cardinal flower,
Great lobelia
Lobélie bleue 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure
OBL-FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun - shade
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
BONAP
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Lobelia kalmii L.
1836. Rapuntium kalmii (L.) C.Presl
1891. Dortmanna kalmii (L.) Kunze
1900. L. kalmii var. strictiflora
1908. L. strictiflora (Rydb.) Lunell
 Brook lobelia,
Kalm's lobelia,
Bog lobelia,
Ontario lobelia
Lobélie de Kalm 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Lobelia cardinalis L.
1792. Lobelia graminea Lam.
1809. Lobelia fulgens Willd.
1809. Lobelia splendens Willd.
1891. Dortmanna cardinalis (L.) Kuntze
1891. Dortmanna fulgens Kuntze
1940. Lobelia cardinalis ssp. graminea
 Cardinalflower,
Cardinal flower,
Scarlet lobelia
Lobélie cardinale,
Lobélie du cardinal,
Lobélie écarlate 		Native, CoC: 7,
Likely secure
OBL-FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun-shade
NYFA-4-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
BONAP
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Lobelia dortmanna L.
1796. L. lacustris (L.) Salisb. superfl.
1836. Rapuntium dortmanna (L.) C.Presl
 Dortmann's cardinalflower,
Water lobelia,
Dortmann's lobelia,
Water gladiole
Lobélie de Dortmann,
Cardinale de Dortmann,
Lobélie aquatique 		Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Schult.
    Lobelia nuttallii Schult.
 Nuttall's lobelia Native, CoC: 7,
Vulnerable
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-3
USDA-N0
Go Botany-0
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
Lobelia sect. Hypsela[edit | edit source]
Asterales — Campanulaceae — Lobelioideae — Lobelieae — Lobelia
Lobelia sect. Hypsela Cardinal flower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Lour.
1790. Lobelia chinensis Lour.
 Chinese lobelia Introduced from
 Asia,
Potentially invasive,
 NYIS: 37%[1],
NSE: Exotic, GNR
Perennial,
Herb-forb

iNat: 0 counties 		NYFA-0
USDA-X0
Go Botany-0
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lobelia chinensis: Low (37). Although it is listed a potentially invasive in New York, BONAP and USDA-NRCS plants database show that Lobelia chinensis has naturalized in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but not New York State.

Family Menyanthaceae[edit | edit source]

The Menyanthaceae is a family of aquatic and wetland plants.

Menyanthes[edit | edit source]

Asterales — Menyanthaceae — Menyanthes
Menyanthes L. Buckbean N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Menyanthes trifoliata L.
1826. Menyanthes americana Sweet
1830. Menyanthes verna Raf.
1929. Menyanthes trifoliata var. minor
2003. Menyanthes trifoliata ssp. verna
 Buckbean,
Buck-bean,
Bog buckbean,
Bogbean
Trèfle d'eau 		Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-4
USDA-N
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies

Nymphoides[edit | edit source]

Nymphoides cordata
Floating-hearts
Asterales — Menyanthaceae — Nymphoides
Nymphoides Ség. 1754 Floatingheart N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Elliott) Fernald
1817. Villarsia cordata Elliott
1938. Nymphoides cordatum (Elliott) Fernald
    
 Floating-heart,
Little floatingheart,
Eight-angled floatingheart
Faux-nymphéa à
  feuilles cordées,
Nymphoïde cordées 		Native, CoC: 9,
Vulnerable
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-3-4
USDA-N
Go Botany
VASCAN
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 (S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze
1753. Menyanthes nymphoides L.
1770. Limnanthemum peltatum S.G.Gmel.
1803. Villarsia nymphoides (L.) Vent.
1805. Nymphoides natans J. St.-Hil.
1891. Nymphoides peltata (S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze
1914. Nymphoides flava Druce
 Yellow floating-heart,
Yellow floatingheart
Faux-nymphéa pelté,
Faux-nénuphar,
Nymphoïdès pelté,
Petit nénuphar 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 74%[1],
Prohibited[2]
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb
NYFA-X
USDA-X
Go Botany
VASCAN
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 (Lour.) Kuntze
1790. Menyanthes hydrophylla Lour.
1799. Menyanthes cristata Roxb.
1819. Villarsia hydrophyllum (Lour.) Roem. & Schult.
1824. Villarsia cristata (Roxb.) Spreng.
1841. Menyanthes sinarica Buch.-Ham. ex Steud.
1891. Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze
1991. Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze
1896. Limnanthemum cristalum Griseb.
1938. Limnanthemum hydrophyllum (Lour.) Griseb.
Crested floatingheart
 Introduced from
 Asia (China, India, Indo-China),
Highly invasive,
 Invasive.org: [3],
 GRIIS-US: Invasive

NYFA: xx counties
iNat: xx counties
GBIF
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Nymphoides peltata: Highly invasive (74).
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
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