This is another refraction image. It shows a wave (incident ray) hitting a boundary and refracting (refracted ray). The normal line is a tool used to analyze these situations mathematically; it is always perpendicular to the boundary between the two media. The angle between the incident ray and the normal line is the angle of incidence. The angle between the refracted ray and the normal line is the angle of refraction. Self-created.
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This is another refraction image. It shows a wave (incident ray) hitting a boundary and refracting (refracted ray). The normal line is a tool used to analyze these situations mathematically; it is always perpendicular to the boundary between the two media