Vietnamese/Consonants

• There are 17 single consonants:

Vowels	Phoneme	English equivalent sounds
b	/ɓ/	but
c	/k/	sky
d	/z/	zoo (Northern)
d	/j/	yes (Southern & Central)
đ	/ɗ/	do
g	/ɣ/	go
h	/h/	hat
k	/k/	sky
l	/l/	long
m	/m/	me
n	/n/	no
p	/p/	sport
q	/k/	square
r	/z/	zoo (Northern)
r	/ɹ/	run (Southern & Central)
s	/s/	stay (Northern)
s	/∫/	show (Southern & Central)
t	/t/	stop
v	/v/	video
x	/s/	see

• There are 11 consonant clusters:

Vowels	Phoneme	English equivalent sounds
ch	/c/	cha-cha
gh	/ɣ/	go
gi	/z/	zoo (Northern)
gi	/j/	yes (Southern & Central)
kh	/x/	loch
nh	/ɲ/	canyon
ng	/ŋ/	sing
ph	/f/	Philip
th	/tʰ/	as in top (aspirated "t"), not as in thin
tr	/c/	cha-cha (Northern)
tr	/ʈʂ/	straw (Southern and Central)
qu	/kw/	square (Northern)
qu	/w/	world (Southern & Central)

• There are 8 final consonants:

Vowels	Phoneme	English equivalent sounds
c	/k/	car
ch	/k/	sick (cut in the South)
m	/m/	me
n	/n/	no
nh	/ɲ/	canyon
ng	/ŋ/	sing
p	/p/	ping pong
t	/t/	top