Vietnamese/Consonants
From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection
- There are 17 single consonants:
| Vowels | Phoneme | English equivalent sounds |
| b | /b/ | but |
| c | /k/ | car |
| d | /z/ | zoo (Northern) |
| d | /j/ | yes (Southern & Central) |
| đ | /d/ | do |
| g | /g/ | go |
| h | /h/ | hat |
| k | /k/ | king |
| l | /l/ | long |
| m | /m/ | me |
| n | /u/ | no |
| p | p/ | ping pong |
| q | /k/ | queen |
| r | /z/ | zoo (Northern) |
| r | /r/ | run (Southern & Central) |
| s | /s/ | stay (Northern) |
| s | /∫/ | show (Southern & Central) |
| t | /t/ | top |
| v | /v/ | video |
| x | /s/ | see |
- There are 11 consonant clusters:
| Vowels | Phoneme | English equivalent sounds |
| ch | /c/ | cha-cha |
| gh | /g/ | go |
| gi | /z/ | zoo (Northern) |
| gi | /j/ | yes (Southern & Central) |
| kh | /x/ | loch |
| nh | /ɲ/ | canyon |
| ng | /ŋ/ | sing |
| ph | /f/ | Philip |
| th | /tʰ/ | thin |
| tr | /c/ | cha-cha (Northern) |
| tr | /ʈʂ/ | try (Southern & Central) |
| qu | /kw/ | queen (Northern) |
| qu | /w/ | world (Southern & Central) |
- There are 8 final consonants:
| Vowels | Phoneme | English equivalent sounds |
| c | /k/ | car |
| ch | /c/ | cha-cha |
| m | /m/ | me |
| n | /u/ | no |
| nh | /ɲ/ | canyon |
| ng | /ŋ/ | sing |
| p | p/ | ping pong |
| t | /t/ | top |
