User:Robbiemuffin/Kreyol/Chapter 1/Orthography

Wikibooks Kreyol

 

Chapter 1	Prep work
Chapter 2	First weeks
Chapter 3	Beginning Kreyol, part 1
Chapter 4	Beginning Kreyol, part 2
Chapter 5	Intermediate Kreyol
Chapter 6	Advanced Kreyol readings
Appendices	Tables, links, and other resources

 

- this page is 75% complete

Kreyòl was predominantly an oral tradition long before there were any official recognition of the language as a whole, or a common writing system. This shows through in the orthography of the language, from the presentation of the alphabet to the more-or-less literal representation of sounds by their letters. Kreyòl is a fairly new language, and that along with its strong tendency to be "written as it sounds", leads to a fairly fluid language: ie, the spelling of words can be suggestive of the authors accent and may not lead to a match in a dictionary for what is really a common word.

Graphemes

A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P	R	S	T	U	V	W	Y	Z
a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o	p	r	s	t	u	v	w	y	z

Kreyol uses a set of latin characters to write its letters. It is important to note that the graphemes are not the alphabet of the language: there is a large number of digraphs and some of the graphemes only occur in digraphs (for example, h is never capitalized, as it only occurs in the letter Ch).

Diacritics

Grave accent

The grave accent is not really a diacritic, as it differentiates completely different vowels (e and è, for example). It is included for completeness.

Acute accent

The acute accent --probably denotes syllabic stress.

Double dot

The diaeresis (trema)

Circumflex

The circumflex is used to show a long vowel.

Punctuation

Apostrophe

Apostrophes are used between a verb and a pronoun in its short form (as a direct object): l'ale, l'gen (he/she has), but not after l in yo wè l (they saw him/her).

Hyphen

Hyphens are used to avoid ambiguity with nouns seperated from their determiners. bagay-la (the thing), is fine but unnecessary, while poul-nan kakaye (the hen is crowing) is better than poul nan kakaye (the hens in the process of crowing).

Alphabet

Each letter in the alphabet tends to have a one-to-one corrospondence with its sound. Like some other langauges (eg, Hindi), the alphabet is not presented as a single line of symbols for memorization, but rather it is divided analyitcally into consonants, vowels, semivowels (vowel-consonants), and nasal vowels.

Consonants

The pure consonants (Konsòn) and semivowels (Vwayèl-konsòn) taken as a whole are treated together as consonants.

Konsòn yo b ch d f g j k l m n ng p r s t v z [b] [ʃ] [d] [f] [g] [ʒ] [k] [l] [m] [n] [ŋ] [p] [ʁ] [s] [t] [v] [z]	ui w y [ɥi] [w] [j]

Vowels

The pure vowels (Vwayèl bouch) and nasal vowels (Vwayèl bouch-nen) are taken together as the vowels.

Vwayèl yo a e è i o ò ou [a] [e] [ɛ] [i] [o] [ɔ] [u]	an en on oun [ɐ̃] [ɛ̃] [ɔ̃] [un]

- despite the fact that /un/ combines two sounds, it is counted as a single letter. There is some support for considering oun as a nasal U (close back rounded vowel) sound, /ũ/, but this appears to be a minority view.

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Prep work

 

Select readings	general information on Kreyol, its phonetics, and Haitian culture
Orthography	the written language
Phonetics	spoken Kreyol