User:Lindsay Ridgeway/The 2Q Retriever/Print Version

Preface

The title of this book, The 2Q Retriever: A Field Training Workbook, reflects the scope and limitations of the topic discussed:

• 2Q, a term invented by well known field authority Alice Woodyard, refers to two of the four quadrants of operant conditioning. The book's title means that only training methods based upon rewards are discussed in this book, and that training methods based upon aversives — or "force" as aversives are sometimes called by field trainers — are not used. In terms of behavioral science, 2Q in the title means that the following methods are covered in this book:

• Positive reinforcement (+R). Desired behavior leads to a reward (a pleasant stimulus), with the observed result that the behavior maintains or increases in probability.
• Negative punishment (-P). Undesired behavior leads to the removal of a reward, or more commonly, the removal of an opportunity to perform a behavior with a history of being rewarded, with the observed result that the undesired behavior declines in probability.

In field training, the opposite of a 2Q trainer is a 4Q trainer, one who uses all four operant conditioning quadrants. 4Q field trainers are far more common than 2Q field trainers, and all top field trainers at the time of this writing are 4Q trainers. In terms of behavioral science, the following methods are used by 4Q trainers, but are not used by 2Q trainers and are not covered in this book:

• Positive punishment (+P). Undesired behavior leads to an aversive (an unpleasant stimulus), with the observed result that the behavior declines in probability. Using +P is typically called a correction.
• Negative reinforcement (-R). Desired behavior leads to the escape or avoidance of an aversive, with the observed result that the behavior maintains or increases in probability. -R is observed, in experiments and in the field, to be the most powerful operant conditioning quadrant, so 2Q trainers, who train without -R, face significant challenges in trying to achieve the same training objectives as 4Q trainers.

• Retriever in the title of the book means that only training for retrievers is covered. Training for other canine breeds, including field dogs such as pointers, flushers, and versatile hunters, is not specifically addressed.

• Field Training means that that the book specifically addresses training the dog for field sports. Training for other canine sports, such as agility and obedience, is not specifically addressed. In addition, the book goes far beyond the needs of the pet dog owner.

• Workbook means that this book is designed to be used as an interactive training document, with notations that you would add by printing out pages, or cutting and pasting them into an electronic document.

Remember

Keep sessions short for --

• Maximum motivation
• No pacing

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Authors

Founding Author

Lindsay Ridgeway, with Golden Retrievers:

• Lumiere-du-Soleil JH WCX CGC TDI (Lumi) born October 24, 2003
• Topbrass Lad of the Lakes JH (Laddie) born April 22, 2007