USMLE Step 1 Review/Addendum Module: More Through Anatomy Notes

From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection

A Wikibookian believes this page should be split into smaller pages with a narrower subtopic. You can help by splitting this big page into smaller ones. Please make sure to follow the naming policy. Dividing books into smaller modules can provide more focus and allow each one to do one thing well, which benefits everyone. You can ask for help in dividing this book in the assistance reading room.

Contents 1 Anatomy 1.1 BRACHIAL PLEXUS 1.2 CRANIAL NERVES 1.3 BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE 1.4 CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES 1.5 LOCATION OF THORACIC DUCT 1.6 ATTACHMENTS OF CHEST MUSCLES 1.7 INNERVATION OF PENIS 1.8 AORTIC BRANCHES 1.9 ORDER OF THINGS IN THIGH 1.10 Some of the below material may be the same as things already covered in the opening page and in the section above. Please edit that information onto here and delete the repeated information. And delete the javascript references for the page from which you stole this.

[edit] Anatomy

(Adapted from the USMLE Review

[edit] BRACHIAL PLEXUS

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

• Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers.
• Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer.
• Randy Tarts Demand Coitus Nightly.
• Read The Damn Cadaver Book.

[edit] CRANIAL NERVES

I-olfactory, II-optic, III-oculomotor, IV-trochlear, V-trigeminal, VI-abducens, VII-facial, VIII-acoustic (vestibulocochlear), IX-glossophrayngeal, X-vagus, XI-spinal accessory, XII-hypoglossal

• On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops
• You have I nose. You have II eyes. (I - Olfactory; II -- Optic)
• Innervation of Extraocularmotor Muscles:
• LR6 (SO4) 3
• LR6--Lateral rectus--> VI abductens
• SO4--Superior Oblique--> IV Trochlear
• 3--The remaining 4 eyeball movers = III
• Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More (what cranial nerve is Motor, Sensory, or Both)

[edit] BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE

Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical

• Ten Zebras Bought My Car
• To Zanzibar By Motor Car
• Two Zulus Buggered My Cat

[edit] CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES

• c345 keeps the phrenic alive (innervation of phrenic nerve)
• c345 keep the diaphragm alive (innervation of diaphragm)
• c5-6-7 raise your arms to heaven (nerve roots of long thoracic nerve innervate serratus anterior)
• c5-6-7 keeps your wings from going to heaven (as above, prevents winging of the scapula)

[edit] LOCATION OF THORACIC DUCT

• The duck is between two gooses (duck = thoracic duct)
• 2 gooses = azyGOUS and esophaGOUS

[edit] ATTACHMENTS OF CHEST MUSCLES

• A lady between two majors.
• Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove.
• Teres major attaches to medial lip of bicipital groove.
• Latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of bicipital groove.
• The "lati" is between two "majors."
• A Loose Damsel (Latissimus Dorsi) lays between two Majors (Pectoralis Major and Teres Major).

[edit] INNERVATION OF PENIS

• Parasympathetic causes erection. Sympathetic causes ejaculation. "Point and Shoot."
• "S2, 3, 4 keep the penis off the floor"
• Innervation of the penis by branches of the pudental nerve, derived from spinal cord levels S2-4
• "Lateral is less, medial is more."
• Lateral pectoral nerves goes through pectoralis major while medial p.n. goes though both pec major and minor

.

[edit] AORTIC BRANCHES

• ABC'S
• Aortic arch gives off the Bracheiocephalic trunk, the left Common Carotid, and the left Subclavian artery.

[edit] ORDER OF THINGS IN THIGH

• "NAVEL"
• nerve, artery, vein, empty space, lymphatics

[edit] Some of the below material may be the same as things already covered in the opening page and in the section above. Please edit that information onto here and delete the repeated information. And delete the javascript references for the page from which you stole this.

Tarsal bones "Tall Californian Navy Medical Interns Lay Cuties": • In order (right foot, superior to inferior, medial to lateral): Talus Calcanous Navicular Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuboid

Atrioventricular valves"LAB RAT": Left Atrium: Bicuspid Right Atrium: Tricuspid

Tarsal tunnel: contents "Tiny Dogs Are Not Hunters": • From superior to inferior: T: Tibialis posterior F: flexor Digitorum longus A: posterior tibial Artery N: tibial Nerve H: flexor Hallucis longus

Vagal nerve: path into thoraxVagus nerve, unlike phrenic, continues through diaphragm with esophagus--it is "Not Left Behind": • The left vagus is anterior, right is posterior [behind].

Inguinal canal: walls"MALT: 2M, 2A, 2L, 2T": • Starting from superior, moving around in order to posterior: Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles: • internal oblique Muscle • transverse abdominus Muscle Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses: • Aponeurosis of external oblique • Aponeurosis of internal oblique Lower wall (floor): 2 Ligaments: • inguinal Ligament • lacunar Ligament Posterior wall: 2Ts: • Transversalis fascia • conjoint Tendon

Bronchopulmonary segments of right lung "A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm": • In order from superior to inferior: Apical Posterior Anterior Lateral Medial Superior Medial basal Anterior basal Lateral basal Posterior basal

Tarsal bones "Traverse City (is) Noted (for) MIchigan's Lovely Cherries": Talus Calcaneus (new row) Navicular (new row) Medial Intermediate cuneiforms Lateral cuneiform Cuboid

Aorta vs. vena cava: right vs. leftAorta and right each have 5 letters, so aorta is on the right. Vena and cava and left each have 4 letters, so vena cava is on the left.

Hip: lateral rotators"Play Golf Or Go On Quaaludes": • From top to bottom: Piriformis Gemellus superior Obturator internus Gemellus inferior Obturator externus Quadratus femoris • Alternatively: "P-GO-GO-Q".

Facial bones"Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh!": Vomer Conchae Nasal Maxilla Mandible Palatine Zygomatic Lacrimal

Scalp layers SCALP: • From superficial to deep: Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose areolar tissue Pericranium

Thoracoacromial artery branches"CAlifornia Police Department": Clavicular Acromial Pectoral Deltoid

Ankle: anterior compartment of leg contents "The Hamptons Are Never Dull Parties": • From medial malleolus: Tibialis anterior tendon (Extensor) Hallacus longus Artery (anterior tibial) Nerve (deep peroneal) (Extensor) Digitorum Peroneus tertius

Erector spinae muscles "I Love Sex": • From lateral to medial: Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis • Alternatively: "I Long for Spinach" • "Sex" helps you think of "Erector", but "Long" and "Spinach" help you remember the muscles' names.

Leg: anterior muscles of leg"The Hospitals Are Not Dirty Places": T: Tibialis anterior H: extensor Hallucis longus A: anterior tibial Artery N: deep fibular Nerve D: extensor Digitorum longus P: Peronius tertius [aka fibularis tertius]

Nasal cavity components "Never Call Me Needle Nose!": Nares [external] Conchae Meatuses Nares [internal] Nasopharynx • Note mnemonic sentence is nasally-related.

Rotator cuff muscles"The SITS muscles": • Clockwise from top: Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis • A pro baseball pitcher has injured his rotator cuff muscles. As a result, he SITS out for the rest of the game, and then gets sent to the minor leagues.

Radial nerve: muscles innervated "Try A Big Chocolate Chip Sundae, Double Dip Cherries And Peanuts Preferably Included": • In order of their innervation, proximal to distal: Triceps Anconeus Brachioradialis ext. Carpi radialis longus ext. Carpi radialis brevis Supinator ext. Digitorum ext.Digiti minimi ext. Carpi ulnaris Abductor poll. longus ext. Poll. brevis ext. P poll. longus ext. Indicis • For the neighboring words that start with the same letter (eg: chocolate and chip), notice that the longer word in the mnemonic, corresponds to the longer of the two muscle names (ex: ext. carpi radialis longus and ext. carpi radialis brevis)

Deep tendon reflexes: root supply • God designed body reflexes according to a nursery rhyme: One, two-- buckle my shoe. Three, four-- kick the door. Five, six-- pick up sticks. Seven, eight-- shut the gate. S1,2 = ankle jerk L3,4 = knee jerk C5,6 = biceps and brachioradialis C7,8 = triceps

Penis autonomic innervation actions "Parasympathetic Puts it up. Sympathetic Spurts it out". Alternatively: "Point and Shoot": Parasympathetic Points it, Sympathetic Shoots out the semen. • Erection and Ejaculation (Emission).

Internal iliac artery: anterior branches What Bill admitted to Hilary: "I Milked Our Insatiable Intern's Udders Under the Desk": Inferior gluteal Middle rectal Obturator Inferior vesical artery Internal pudendal artery Umbilical U/D=Uterine artery (female)/ Deferential artery (male)

Muscles: potentially absent ones• Muscles which may be absent but may be important: 5 P's: Palmaris longus [upper limb] Plantaris [lower limb] Peroneus tertius [lower limb] Pyramidalis [anterior abdominal wall] Psoas minor [posterior abdominal wall]

Carpal bones"Stop Letting Those People Touch The Cadaver's Hand": • Proximal row, lateral-to-medial: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform • Distal row, lateral-to-medial: Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate

Carpal bones"She Looks Too Pretty; Try To Catch Her": • Proximal row then distal row, both lateral-to-medial: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrium Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capate Hamate • Alternatively: "She Likes To Play; Try To Catch Her".

Flexor digitorum muscles: how they insert onto fingers• A little rhyme: Superficialis Splits in two, To Permit Profundus Passing through.

Scrotum layers "Some Damn Englishman Called It The Testis": • From superficial to deep: Skin Dartos External spermatic fascia Cremaster Internal spermatic fascia Tunica vaginalis Testis

Femoral triangle: contents NAVY: • In order from lateral to medial: Nerve Artery Vein Y of the groin • Alternatively: Y = Y-fronts [male underwear].

Vagus nerve: path into thorax"I Left my Aunt in Vegas": Left Vagus nerve goes Anterior descending into the thorax.

Supine vs. prone body position Know SUPination is your hand while carrying a bowl of SOUP. Your face follows where your palm is facing [i.e. up]. Put a handpuppet on your hand while hand is in supination and the puppet will be the supine position. • See diagram.

Axillary artery branches "Suzy Thompkins Loves Sex, Alcohol, and Pot": • From proximal to distal: Superior thoracic Thoracacromial Lateral thoracic Subscapular Anterior circumflex humeral Posterior circumflex humeral

Horner's syndrome componentsSPAM: Sunken eyeballs/ Symphathetic plexus (cervical) affected Ptosis Anhydrosis Miosis

Voicebox: names of parts in sagittal cross-section "There's 3 V's in your Voicebox": Vestibular fold Ventricle Vocal fold • Note: Vestibular and Vocal cord also known as false and true cords respectively.

Serratus anterior: innervation SALT: Serratus Anterior = Long Thoracic.

Hip: lateral rotators "Piece Goods Often Go On Quilts": Piriformis Gemellus superior Obturator internus Gemellus inferior Obturator externus Quadratus femoris

Thigh: innervation by compartment" MAP OF Sciatic": Medial compartment: Obturator Anterior compartment: Femoral Posterior compartment: Sciatic • So all the thigh muscles in that compartment get innervated by that nerve.

Internal jugular vein: tributaries"Medical Schools Let Confident People In": • From inferior to superior: Middle thyroid Superior thyroid Lingual Common facial Pharyngeal Inferior petrosal sinus

Genu valgum vs. genu vargum Genu valGUM (knock-knee): knees are GUMmed together. • Varum (bowleg) is the other by default, or Far rhymes with Var, so knees are far apart.

Erector spinae muscles"I Like Standing": • From lateral to medial Illiocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

Cubital fossa contents "N-MAN": • From lateral to medial: Nerve Muscle Artery Nerve • Specifics are radial Nerve, biceps Muscle tendon, brachial Artery, median Nerve.

External carotid artery branches"Suzy Always Lays Flat On Pillows Making Sex Terrific": Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superificial Temporal

Median nerve: recognizing it in an opened axillaThe Median nerve is the Middle of a giant capital "M" formed by the musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves.

Trigeminal nerve: where branches exit skull"Standing Room Only": Superior orbital fissure is V1 foramen Rotundum is V2 foramen Ovale is V3

Dermatome C7 locationC7 gives the finger to heaven (as in middle finger).

External carotid artery branches"Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS": Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superificial temporal

Brachioradialis: function, innervation, one relation, one attachment BrachioRadialis: Function: Its the Beer Raising muscle, flexes elbow, strongest when wrist is oriented like holding a beer. Innervation: Breaks Rule: it’s a flexor muscle, But Radial. (Radial nerve usually is for extensors: Recall BEST rule: B was for brachioradialis). Important relation: Behind it is the Radial nerve in the cubital fossa. Attachment: Attaches to Bottom of Radius.

Pleura surface markings"All the even ribs, in order: 2,4,6,8,10,12 show its route": Rib2: sharp angle inferiorly Rib4: the left pleura does a lateral shift to accommodate heart Rib6: both diverge laterally Rib8: midclavicular line Rib10: midaxillary line Rib12: the back • See diagram.

Aortic arch: major branch order "Know your ABC'S": Aortic arch gives rise to: Brachiocephalic trunk left Common Carotid left Subclavian • Beware though trick question of 'What is first branch of aorta?' Technically, it's the coronary arteries.

V3 innervated muscles (branchial arch 1 derivatives) "M.D. My TV": Mastication [masseter, temporalis, pterygoids] Digastric [anterior belly] Mylohyoid tensor Tympani tensor Veli palatini

Foramen ovale contents MALE: Mandibular nerve Accessory meningeal artery Lesser petrosal nerve Emissary veins

Pterygoid muscles: function of lateral vs. medial "Look at how your jaw ends up when saying first syllable of 'Lateral' or 'Medial' ": "La": your jaw is now open, so Lateral opens mouth. "Me": your jaw is still closed, so medial closes the mandible.

Supine vs. prone body position"Supine is on your spine. Therefore, prone's the "other" one. • Also, prone to suffocate in prone position.

Meckel's diverticulum details 2 inches long. 2 feet from end of ileum. 2 times more common in men. 2% occurrence in population. 2 types of tissues may be present. • Note: "di-" means "two", so diverticulum is the thing with all the twos.

Perineal vs. peroneal Perineal is in between the legs. Peroneal is on the leg.

Anterior forearm muscles: superficial groupThere are five, like five digits of your hand. Place your thumb into your palm, then lay that hand palm down on your other arm, as shown in diagram. Your 4 fingers now show distribution: spells PFPF [pass/fail, pass/fail]: Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Your thumb below your 4 fingers shows the muscle which is deep to the other four: Flexor digitorum superficialis.

Carpal tunnel syndrome causes MEDIAN TRAP: Myxoedema Edema premenstrually Diabetes Idiopathic Agromegaly Neoplasm Trauma Rheumatoid arthritis Amyloidosis Pregnancy • Mnemonic fits nicely since median nerve is trapped.

Lumbar plexus "I, I Get Laid On Fridays": Iliohypogastric [L1] Ilioinguinal [L1] Genitofemoral [L1, L2] Lateral femoral cutaneous [L2, L3] Obtruator [L2, L3, L4] Femoral [L2, L3, L4] • Alternatively: "I twice Get Laid On Fridays". • Alternatively: "Interested In Getting Laid On Fridays?"

Elbow: muscles that flex it Three B's Bend the elBow: Brachialis Biceps Brachioradialis

Cavernous sinus contents O TOM CAT: O TOM are lateral wall components, in order from superior to inferior. CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from O TOM. • See diagram. Occulomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Ophthalmic nerve (V1) Maxillary nerve (V2) Carotid artery Abducent nerve (VI) T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM.

Bronchi: which one is more vertical"Inhale a bite, goes down the right": Inhaled objects more likely to lodge in right bronchus, since it is the one that is more vertical

61

Carotid sheath contents "I See 10 CC's in the IV": I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery 10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve) CC = Common Carotid artery IV = Internal Jugular Vein

V3 innervated muscles "My A$$ Meets The Toilet": Mylohyoid Anterior digastric Muscles of Mastication Tensor veli palatini Tensor tympani

Inferior vena cava tributaries "I Like To Rise So High": Illiacs Lumbar Testicular Renal Suprarenal Hepatic vein. • Think of the IVC wanting to rise high up to the heart.

Spleen: dimensions, weight, surface anatomy "1,3,5,7,9,11": Spleen dimensions are 1 inch x 3 inches x 5 inches. Weight is 7 ounces. It underlies ribs 9 through 11.

Heart valve sequence "Try Pulling My Aorta": Tricuspid Pulmonary Mitral Aorta

Liver: side with ligamentum venosum/ caudate lobe vs. side with quadrate lobe/ ligamentum teres "VC goes with VC": The Venosum and Caudate is on same side as Vena Cava [posterior]. Therefore, quadrate and teres must be on anterior by default. • See inferior-view diagram.

Cranial bones "PEST OF 6": Parietal Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal Occipital Frontal • The 6 just reminds that there's 6 of them to remember.

Thyroid: isthmus location "Rings 2,3,4 make the isthmus floor": Isthmus overlies tracheal rings 2,3,4

Cervical plexus: arrangement of the important nerves "GLAST": • 4 compass points: clockwise from north on the right side of neck: Great auricular Lesser occipital Accessory nerve pops out between L and S Supraclavicular Transverse cervical • See diagram.

Lumbar plexus roots "2 from 1, 2 from 2, 2 from 3": 2 nerves from 1 root: Ilioinguinal (L1), Iliohypogastric (L1). 2 nerves from 2 roots: Genitofemoral (L1,L2), Lateral Femoral (L2,L3). 2 nerves from 3 roots: Obturator (L2,L3,L4), Femoral (L2,L3,L4).

71

Joints in the midline "SC": In medial line, below Second Cervical, joints are Secondary Cartilaginous and usually have a diSC. • Notes: secondary cartilaginous is also known as symphysis. The one that doesn't have a disc is xiphi-sternal.

Anterior forearm muscles: superficial group "Pimps F*ck Prostitutes For Fun": Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longous Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis

External carotid artery branches "Some Aggressive Lovers Find Odd Positions More Stimulating": Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occiptal Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1033')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Axillary artery branches "Screw The Lawyer Save A Patient": Superior thoracic Thoracoacromiol Lateral thoracic Subscapular Anterior circumflex humeral Posterior circumflex humeral Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1208')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Descending abdominal aorta branches from diaphragm to iliacs "Prostitutes Cause Sagging Swollen Red Testicles [in men] Living In Sin": Phrenic [inferior] Celiac Superior mesenteric Suprarenal [middle] Renal Testicular ["in men" only] Lumbars Inferior mesenteric Sacral Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=613')> ---Josser Mt. Sinai Medical School

Inversion vs. eversion muscles in leg Second letter rule for inversion/eversion: • Eversion muscles: pErineus longus pErineus brevis pErineus terius • Inversion muscles: tIbialis anterior tIbialis posterior

External carotid artery branches "Sister Lucy's Powdered Face Often Attracts Silly Medicos": • Before entering the parotid gland: Superior thyroid Lingual Posterior auricular Facial Occipital Ascending pharyngeal • Ends as: Superficial temporal and Maxillary bifurcating in the in the parotid gland

Spermatic cord contents "3 arteries, 3 nerves, 3 other things": 3 arteries: testicular, ductus deferens, cremasteric. 3 nerves: genital branch of the genitofemoral, cremasteric, autonomics. 3 other things: ductus deferens, pampiniform plexus, lymphatics. • Note some argument about this: Moore doesn't put in cremasteric nerve, Lumley puts in inguinal... Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=288')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Fibula vs. tibia: which is the bigger one People talk of telling just a "little white lie", or a "little fib": Therefore, the fibula is smaller. • Alternatively: TIBia is the Thicker Inner Bone. • Alternatively: "Little lat FIB, big fat TIB". Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=100')> ---Dr. Rabiddrashikys and Robert O'Connor UWCM and University College Dublin

Interossei muscles: actions of dorsal vs. palmar in hand "PAd and DAb": The Palmar Adduct and the Dorsal Abduct. • Use your hand to dab with a pad. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=293')>

81

Thoracic duct: relation to azygous vein and esophagus "The duck between 2 gooses": Thoracic duct (duck) is between 2 gooses, azygous and esophagus. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=26')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Lumbricals action Lumbrical action is to hold a pea, that is to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint and extend the interphalangeal joints. When look at hand in this position, can see this makes an "L" shape, since L is for Lumbrical.

Pectoral nerves: path of lateral vs. medial "Lateral Less, Medial More": Lateral pectoral nerve only goes through Pectoralis major, but Medial pectoral nerve goes though both Pectoralis major and minor. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=127')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Intrinsic muscles of hand (palmar surface) "A OF A OF A": • Thenar, lateral to medial: Abductor pollicis longus Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Adductor pollicis. • Hypothenar, lateral to medial: Opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=646')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Diaphragm innervation "3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive": Diaphragm innervation is cervical roots 3, 4, and 5. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=23')> ---Michael Nawfal

Femoral triangle: arrangement of contents NAVEL: • From lateral hip towards medial navel: Nerve (directly behind sheath) Artery (within sheath) Vein (within sheath) Empty space (between vein and lymph) Lymphatics (with deep inguinal node) • Nerve/Artery/Vein are all called Femoral. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=10')> ---Andrew J. Vasil UMD School of Medicine, Duluth, MN

Lingual nerve course The Lingual nerve Took a curve Around the Hyoglossus. "Well I'll be f*#ked!" Said Wharton's Duct, "The bastard's gone and crossed us!" Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=329')> ---Sam Hinton University of California, San Diego

External carotid artery branches "Some Anatomists Like F*#king, Others Prefer S & M": Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Superficial temporal Maxillary • Alternatively: As She Lay Flat, Oscar's Passion Slowly Mounted". Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=291')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Abdominal muscles "Spare TIRE around their abdomen": Transversus abdominis Internal abdominal oblique Rectus abdominis External abdominal oblique Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=162')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Bicipital groove: attachments of muscles near it "The lady between two majors": Teres major attaches to medial lip of groove. Pectoralis major to lateral lip of groove. Latissimus (Lady) is on floor of groove, between the 2 majors. Show <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=27')>

91

Carpal bones "Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle": • Proximal row then distal row, both lateral-to-medial: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrium Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capate Hamate • Alternatively: "Scared Lovers..." • Alternatively: "Senior Lecturers...". Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=414')> ---Jason Mounts and Anonymous Contributor Medical College of Georgia and Cambridge

Bronchi: which is more vertical "Right on Red": Many places allow making a right hand turn at a red light, if you first come to a complete stop. A child swallowing a red penny is more likely to get it stopped down the right bronchus, since it is more vertical. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=832')> ---Lior Greenberg Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel

L4 landmark: 2 items "B4U" [before you]: Bifurcation of aorta L4 Umbilicus Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=186')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Retroperitoneal structures list SAD PUCKER: Suprarenal glands Aorta & IVC Duodenum (half) Pancreas Ureters Colon (ascending & descending) Kidneys Esophagus (anterior & left covered) Rectum Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=510')> ---Ron Norman AECC

External carotid artery branches "Some Aberdeen Ladies F#ck, Others Prefer Manual Stimulation": • From inferior to superior: Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=842')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Superior mediastinum: contents PVT Left BATTLE: Phrenic nerve Vagus nerve Thoracic duct Left recurrent laryngeal nerve (not the right) Brachiocephalic veins Aortic arch (and its 3 branches) Thymus Trachea Lymph nodes Esophagus Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1986')> ---Anonymous Contributor University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Retroperitoneal organs (major) "AC/DC Rocker Kids Party Down": Ascending Colon Descending Colon Rectum Kidneys Pancreas Duodenum Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1676')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Bell's palsy: symptoms BELL'S Palsy: Blink reflex abnormal Earache Lacrimation [deficient, excess] Loss of taste Sudden onset Palsy of VII nerve muscles • All symptoms are unilateral. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1943')> ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Liver inferior markings showing right/left lobe vs. vascular divisions There's a Hepatic "H" on inferior of liver. One vertical stick of the H is the dividing line for anatomical right/left lobe and the other vertical stick is the divider for vascular halves. Stick that divides the liver into vascular halves is the one with vena cava impression (since vena cava carries blood, it's fortunate that it's the divider for blood halves).

Extraocular muscles cranial nerve innervation "LR6SO4 rest 3": Lateral Rectus is 6th Superior Oblique is 4th rest are all 3rd cranial nerve Show <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=572')>

101

Femoral hernia: epidemiology FEMoral hernias are more common in FEMales. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=997')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Obturator canal: relations of structures "Who's flying in the top of Obturator canal? Obviously Not A Vein!": Obturator Nerve Artery Vein Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=756')> ---Usman Ahmad KMC

Thoracoacromial artery branches ABCD: Acromial Breast (pectoral) Clavicular Deltoid Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1207')> ---Anonymous contributor UCLA School of Medicine

Diaphram aperatures: spinal levels "Come Enter the Abdomen: Vena Cava [8] Esophagus [10] Aorta [12] Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=2657')> ---Phillip Snider (originally by Sherry Roles) Med student: Arizona College of Osteopathic Med

Cubital fossa contents "My Bottoms Turned Red": • From medial to lateral: Median nerve Brachial artery Tendon of biceps Radial nerve Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=631')> ---Dell Piero University Malaya Medical School, Malaysia

Thyroids: relative sizes Thyroid looks like a bra (see picture). Breasts are bigger in women, so thyroid bigger in women. Pregnant women have biggest breasts of all, so they have the biggest thyroids.

Navicular contacts 3 of 5 cuneiform bones "Navicular is like the Navigator logo": There are 3 things coming off each. • See diagram. Therefore, cuboid has to contact 2 of the 5.

Kidney hilums at transpyloric plane [L1] L-1 goes through hilum of only 1 kidney, and it’s the Left one. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=76')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Radial nerve: muscles supplied (simplified) "BEST muscles": Brachioradialis Extensors Supinator Triceps Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=16')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Superior orbital fissure: structures passing through "Lazy French Tarts Lie Naked In Anticipation Of Sex": Lacrimal nerve Frontal nerve Trochlear nerve Lateral nerve Nasociliary nerve Internal nerve Abducens nerve Ophthalmic veins Sympathetic nerves Show <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=42')>

111

Cranial bones"Fraternity Parties Occasionally Teach Spam Etiquette": • The first two letters of each bone: Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid

Internal iliac artery: posterior branchPILS: Posterior branch Iliolumbar Lateral sacral Superior gluteal

Foramen ovale contentsOVALE: Otic ganglion (just inferior) V3 cranial nerve Accessory meningeal artery Lesser petrosal nerve Emisary veins

Anatomical planes: coronal, horizontal, sagittal Coronal: A classic painting/stained glass window of a saint/angel has a corona radiating around the person's head. The plane of the glass/page is cutting their head in the coronal plane. Horizontal: Someone coming over the horizon has their abdomen cut in the horizontal plane. Sagittal: the remaining one by default.

Brachial plexus branches"My Aunt Raped My Uncle": • From lateral to medial: Musculocutaneous Axillary Radial Median Ulnar

Tibia vs. fibula: which is lateralThe FibuLA is LAteral.

Superior orbital fissure: structures passing through"Lonely Fat Teenage Virgins Rarely Like Swallowing And Never Ingest": Lacrimal nerve Frontal nerve Trochlear nerve Vein: ophthalmic Ring: tendinous • From the ring, arises: Lateral rectus Superior division III Abducent nerve Nasociliary nerve Inferior divison III

Brachial plexus: branches of posterior cordSTAR: Subscapular [upper and lower] Thoracodorsal Axillary Radial

Dermatome C6 location Stick arm out like crucifixion stance. Curl your thumb and forefinger into an "OK" symbol while keeping your other fingers straight. Your hand should now look like a 6 shape. So C6 dermatome is your thumb and top of arm (reason for crucifix stance). • See diagram.

Heart valves "Toilet Paper My A$$": • From right to left: Tricuspid Pulmonic Mitral Aortic

121

Median nerve: hand muscles innervated "The LOAF muscles": Lumbricals 1 and 2 Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis • Alternatively: LLOAF, with 2 L's, to recall there's 2 lumbricals. • To remember that these are the Median nerve muscles, think "Meat LOAF". Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=36')> ---Samuel Atom Baek Kim

Interossei muscles: number of palmars vs. dorsals "3 on the P, 4 on the Dor": There are 3 Palmar, and 4 Dorsal interossei. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=96')> ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Carpal bones: trapezium vs. trapezoid location • Since there's two T's in carpal bone mnemonic sentences, need to know which T is where: TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapeziOID is inSIDE. • Alternatively, TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapezOID is by its SIDE. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=4')> ---Tom Ball Imperial College, UK

Sperm pathway through male reproductive tract SEVEN UP: Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct Nothing Urethra Penis Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=319')> ---Ken Evans Saskatchewan Health, Acute and Emergency Services

Ureter to ovarian/testicular artery relation "Water under the bridge": The ureters (which carry water), are posterior to the ovarian/testicular artery. • Clinically important, since a common surgical error is to cut ureter instead of ovarian artery when removing uterus. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=56')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Soleus vs. gastrocnemius muscle function "Stand on your Soles. Explosive gas": You stand on soles of your shoes, so Soleus is for posture. Gasoline is explosive, so Gastrocnemius is for explosive movement. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=101')> ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Serratus anterior: innervation and action "C5-6-7 raise your arms up to heaven": Long thoracic nerve roots (567) innervate Serratus anterior. • Test C567 roots clinically by ability to raise arm past 90 degrees. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=25')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Wrist: radial side vs. ulnar side Make a fist with your thumb up in the air and say "Rad!". Your thumb is now pointing to your Radius. • Note: 'Rad!' was a late 80's catchphrase, short for 'Radical'. Things that were good were called 'Rad'.

Medial malleolus: order of tendons, artery, nerve behind it "Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry": • From anterior to posterior: Tibialis Digitorum Artery Nerve Hallicus • Full names for these are: Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Posterior Tibial Artery, Posterior Tibial Nerve, Flexor Hallicus Longus. • Alternatively: "Tom, Dick ANd Harry". • Alternatively: "Tom, Dick And Not Harry".

Hip posterior dislocation: most likely arrangement for one "Hitting the brake pedal before the accident": You are sitting, so hip is flexed, and adducted and medially rotated so can move your foot away from the gas pedal over to the brake pedal. • Note: car accidents are

131

Diaphragm apertures "3 holes, each with 3 things going through it": Aortic hiatus: aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein. Esophageal hiatus: esophagus, vagal trunks, left gastric vessels. Caval foramen: inferior vena cava, right phrenic nerve, lymph nodes. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=272')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Buttock quadrant safest for needle insertion "Shut up and butt out": The Upper Outer quadrant of the Buttock safely avoids hitting sciatic nerve. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=14')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Superior thyroid artery branches "May I Softly Squeeze Charlie's Girl?": Muscular Infrahyoid Superior laryngeal Sternomastoid Cricothyroid Glandular Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=136')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Deep tendon reflexes: root supply "1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8": S1-2: ankle L3-4: knee C5-6: biceps, supinator C7-8: triceps Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=185')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Vertebrae: recognizing a thoracic from lumbar Examine vertebral body shape: Thoracic is heart-shaped body since your heart is in your thorax. Lumbar is kidney-bean shaped since kidneys are in lumbar area. • See diagram.

Cubital fossa contents MBBR: • From medial to lateral: Median nerve Brachial artery Biceps tendon Radial nerve Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1283')> ---Dr. Atif Farooq Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan

Ear: bones of inner ear Take a Hammer: Malleus Hit an Indian Elephant: Incus It puts its foot in a stirrup: Stapes • Describes the shape, and relative position (from out to in) of the inner ear bones. • Alternatively: "Mailing Includes Stamps".

Popliteal fossa: muscles arrangement The two Semi's go together, Semimembranosus and Semitendonosus. The Membranosus is Medial and since the two semis go together, Semitendonosus is also medial. Therefore, Biceps Femoris has to be lateral. Of the semi's, to remember which one is superficial: the Tendonosus is on Top. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=9')> ---Anonymous Contributor

CN VII innervated muscles (branchial arch 2 derivatives)

"Imagine someone making the facial expression to say 'PSS...' ":

Facial expression muscles Posterior belly of digastric Stapedius Stylohyoid Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=305')> ---Christian Erickson Duke University

Carpal bones "Scottish Lads Take Prostitutes To The Caledonian Hotel": • Proximal row, then distal row: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrium Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capate Hamate • Alternatively: "Students Like Taking Prostitutes To The Carelton Hotel".

141

Bronchopulmonary segments of the left lung "Astute Anatomists Share Inside Secrets About Lungs": Apicoposterior (S1+2) Anterior (S3) Superior (S4) Inferior (S5) Superior (S6) Anteromedial basal (S7+8) Lateral basal (S9) Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1782')> ---Gregory Allen Loma Linda University

Biceps brachii muscle: origins "You walk shorter to a street corner. You ride longer on a superhighway.": • Short head originates from coracoid process. • Long head originates from the supraglenoid cavity.

Extrinsic muscles of tongue [for pro soccer fans] "Paris St. Germain's Hour": Palatoglossus Styloglossus Genioglossus Hyoglossus • PSG is a French soccer team (foreign), hence extrinsic comes to mind.

Anteflexed vs. anteverted: what bodypart each describes "Anteflexed and Anteverted both bend toward Anterior". • The "V" words go together: Verted is for the cerVix (therefore flexed must be uterus).

Lung lobe numbers: right vs. left Tricuspid heart valve and tri-lobed lung both on the right side. Bicuspid and bi-lobed lung both on the left side.

Axillary artery branches "Send The Lord to Say A Prayer": • From proximal to distal: Superior thoracic Thoracacromial Lateral thoracic Subscapular Anterior circumflex humeral Posterior circumflex humeral

Foramen spinosum: location on base of skull Foramen spinosum is adjacent to the spine of sphenoid.

Tonsils: The three types "PPL (people) have tonsils": Pharyngeal Palatine Lingual

Palmaris longus: location, relative to wrist nerves "The Palmaris between two Palmars": Palmaris longus is between the Palmar cutaneous branch of Ulnar nerve and Palmar cutaneous branch of Median nerve.

Hyoid bone: muscle attachments "Christ, He Didn't Screw Girls Much. That's Obvious, Stupid": • The first sentence is for 6 muscles attaching superiorly, the second sentence is for 3 muscles attaching inferiorly. • Both sentences are in order from lateral to medial: Constricter (middle) Hyoglossus Digastric Stylohyoid Geniohyoid Myloyoid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid Sternohyoid

151

Lung lobes: segments of right middle lobe "ML=ML": Segments of Middle Lobe are Medial & Lateral. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=192')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Female pelvic organs' blood supply "3 organs, each get 2 blood supplies": Uterus: uterine, vaginal. Rectum: middle rectal, inferior rectal [inferior rectal is the end of pudendal]. Bladder: superior vesical, inferior vesical. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=267')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Face muscles: large muscle groups' cranial innervation Mandibular nerve: Mastication. Facial nerve: Facial expression. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=71')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Femoral triangle: arrangement of nerve, artery, vein VAN: • From medial to lateral: Vein Artery Nerve • Nerve/Artery/Vein are all called Femoral. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=11')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Cranial bones "Old Pygmies From Thailand Eat Skulls": Occipital Parietal Frontal Temporal Ethmoid Sphenoid • Note: 'skull-eating pygmies' helps remind that mnemonic is for the skull. • Alternatively: "Old People From Texas Eat Spiders". • Alternatively: "Prostitutes Offer Free Sex To Everyone". Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=146')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Psoas major: innervation If you hit L2, 3, 4 Psoas gets sore! Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1090')> ---Usman Ahmad KMC

Ansa cervicalis nerves "GHost THought SOmeone STupid SHot Irene": Geniohyoid Thyrohyoid Superior Omohyoid Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Inferior omohyoid Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1042')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Leg: anterior muscles of leg "Tom's Hairy ANd Dirty Penis": T: Tibialis anterior H: extensor Hollicis longus AN: anterior tibial Artery & deep fibular Nerve D: extensor Digitorum longus P: Peronius tertius [aka fibularis tertius] Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=916')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Eye rotation by oblique muscles "I Love S&M": Inferior oblique: Lateral eye rotation. Superior oblique: Medial eye rotation. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1416')> ---CS Eddleman Medical Student, Texas Tech SOM

Inversion vs. eversion direction in the foot Little INtroVERted boys roll their feet in when talking to girls. Also, can just watch which way the sole of the foot goes: does it face in or out? • See diagram.

161

Bowel components "Dow Jones Industrial Average Closing Stock Report": • From proximal to distal: Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Appendix Colon Sigmoid Rectum • Alternatively: to include the cecum, "Dow Jones Industrial Climbing Average Closing Stock Report".

Ulnar nerve to ulnar artery and radial nerve to radial artery relationsThink "peripheral nerves": The ulnar nerve is "ulnar" to the ulnar artery. Radial nerve is "radial" to the radial artery.

Carpal bones "Her C#nt's Too Tight So Lubricate The Penis": • Anticlockwise: Hamate Capate Trapezoid Trapezium Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform

Oblique muscles: direction of externals vs. internals "Hands in your pockets": When put hands in your pockets, fingers now lie on top of external obliques and fingers point their direction of fibers: down and towards midline. • Note: "oblique" tells that must be going at an angle. • Internal obliques are at right angles to external.

Murphy's point organ [for Irish]"Murphy was an Irishman (and Murphy is a classic Irish surname), and Ireland=green": Green organ in body is gallbladder, so Murphy's point is the gall bladder.

Duodenum: lengths of parts"Counting 1 to 4 but staggered": 1st part: 2 inches 2nd part: 3 inches 3rd part: 4 inches 4th part: 1 inch

Elbow: which side has common flexor originFM (as in FM Radio): Flexor Medial, so Common Flexor Origin is on the medial side. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=6')> ---Anonymous Contributor Carpal bones "She Licks Toms Prick; Her Cu*t's Too Tight": Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium

Supination vs. pronation: which is more powerfulScrews were designed to be tightened well by majority of people. "Righty tighty": to tighten screws you turn to the right. Majority of people are right-handed. Turning right-hand to the right is supination.

Median and ulnar nerves: common featuresEach supply 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus. Each supplies 2 lumbricals. Each has a palmar cutaneous nerve that pops off prematurely. Each supplies an eminence group of muscles [ulnar: hypothenar. median: thenar]. Each enters forearm through two heads [ulnar: heads of flexor carpi ulnaris. median: heads of pronator teres]. Each has no branches in upper arm. Each makes two fingers claw when cut at wrist. Each supplies a palmaris [median: palmaris longus. ulnar: palmaris brevis].

171

Bowel components "Dublin Sisters Ceramic Red Colored Jewelry Apparently Illegal": • 2-4 letters of each component: Duodenum Sigmoid Cecum Rectum Colon Jejunum Appendix Ileum

Thoracic duct: which half of upper body does it drain Know drains all of lower body, but was it the right or the left part of the upper body? Answer: its Lymph from the Left of the upper body.

Mediastinums: posterior mediastinum structures There are 4 birds: The esophaGOOSE (esophagus) The vaGOOSE nerve The azyGOOSE vein The thoracic DUCK (duct)

Maxillary artery branches "DAM I AM Piss Drunk But Stupid Drunk I Prefer, Must Phone Alcoholics Anonymous": Deep auricular Anterior tympanic Middle meningeal Inferior alveolar Accessory meningeal Masseteric Pterygoid Deep temporal Buccal Sphenopalatine Descending palatine Infraorbital Posterior superior alveolar Middle superior alveolar Pharyngeal Anterior superior alveolar Artery of the pterygoid canal

Ulna bone: quick recognition in oral exam The Ulnar bone has a "U" at the end where it goes over the trochlea.

Vetebrae subtypes "Certain Doctors Luv Saddling Coeds": • From superior to inferior: Cervical Dorsal Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx

External carotid artery branches StApLE OPIS: Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual External maxillary (facial) Occipital Posterior auricular Internal maxillary Superficial temporal Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=831')> ---Michael S. Florencio, DMD University of Perpetual College of Medicine, Las Pinas, Philippines

Carpal bones "The boat sailed to the moon with 3 pEas in a rOw, at the wheel was Captain Hook": • Carpal bones in order of occurrence: Boat is scaphoid. Moon is lunate. 3 is triquetrum. Peas is pisiform (stressing the E sound for trapezium). Row is trapezoid (stressing the O for trapezOid). Captain is capitate. Hook is hamate (hamate has the hook). Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1162')> ---Caoimhín P. Connell Industrial Hygienist

Coelic trunk: branches Left Hand Side (LHS): Left gastric artery Hepatic artery Splenic artery Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1833')> ---Dr. Harsh Sharma

Penis: spinal level innervation "S2, 3, 4 keep the penis off the floor": • Alternatively: "S2, 3, 4 make a mess on the floor". Penis innervated by pudendal nerve branches, derived from spinal cord levels S2-4.

181

Thoracic cage: relations to the important venous structures Behind the sternoclavicular joints: the brachiocephalic veins begin. Behind the 1st costal cartilage on the right the superior vena cava begins. Behind the 2nd costal cartilage on the right the azygos vein ends. Behind the 3rd costal cartilage on the right the superior vena cava ends.

Lacrimal nerve course "Lacrimal's story of 8 L's": Lacrimal nerve runs on Lateral wall of orbit above Lateral rectus, then Lets communicating branch join in, then supplies Lacrimal gland, then Leaves it and supplies Lateral upper eye Lid! Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=757')> ---Usman Ahmad KMC

Saphenous veins: path of great vs. small at malleolus "MAGdelaine has varicose veins" [The saphenous veins are important for varicose veins]: Medial maleolus, Anterior to maleolus, and Great saphenous go together. Then the opposites of these go together: Small saphenous is posterior to the lateral maleolus.

Leino- definition "Leino" rhymes with "spleen-o": Therefore leino- means something to do with the spleen.

Spermatic cord contents "Piles Don't Contribute To A Good Sex Life": Pampiniform plexus Ductus deferens Cremasteric artery Testicular artery Artery of the ductus deferens Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve Sympathetic nerve fibers Lymphatic vessels Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=926')> ---TR Columbia PandS

Brachial plexus organization "The Castrated Dog Turns Rabid": • From lateral to medial: Terminal branches Cords Divisions Trunks Roots Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=580')> ---Chip Louisiana State University Medical Center

Lordosis vs. kyphosis Lordosis: Lumbar. KYphosis is HY up on the spine. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=395')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Carpal bones "Happy Cat Tom Took Pie To Little Sister": Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium Pisiform Triquital Lunate Scaphoid

Plantarflexion vs. dorsiflexion Plantar flexion occurs when you squish a Plant with your foot.

Autonomics to the gut "The PARAsympathetics follow a rule of TWO" [pair = two]: • The vagus does the top, the sacral splanchnics the outflow tract. "The sympathetics follow a rule of threes": • Greater, lesser, least splanchnic nerves go to the celiac,superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion.

191

Adductor magnus innervation "AM SO!": Adductor Magnus innervated by Sciatic and Obturator.

Carpal tunnel syndrome: causes TRAMP: Trauma (occupational) Rheumatiod arthritis Acromegaly Myxoedema Pregnancy • Alternatively: ARMPIT to include Idiopathic.

Musculocutaneous nerve: muscles innervated BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation): Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Coracobrachialis

Descending abdominal aorta: seven divisions "Sometimes Intestines Get Really Stretched Causing Leakage": Suprarenals [paired] Inferior mesenteric Gonadal [paired] Renals [paired] Superior mesenteric Celiac Lumbar [paired]

Menisci attachments in knee "Each meniscus has something attached to it": The medial meniscus has the medial collateral ligament. The lateral meniscus is attached to the popliteal muscle.

Carpel bones "So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb": • Proximal row, lateral-to-medial, then distal row, medial-to-medial: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrium Pisiform Hamate Capate Trapezoid Trapezium

Cruciate ligaments: insertions PAMS APPLES: Posterior [passes] Anterior [inserts] Medially. Anterior [passes] Posteriorly [inserts] Laterally.

Sperm: path through male reproductive system "My boyfriend's name is STEVE": Seminiferous Tubules Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct

Femoral artery deep branches "Put My Leg Down Please": Profundus femoris (deep femoral artery) Medial circumflex femoral artery Lateral circumflex femoral artery Descending genicular arteries Perforating arteries

Lower limb peripheral nerve injurys "Drop into a DEeP PIT and shuffle your way out": Foot Drop results from Dorsiflexors and Evertors paralysis, due to common Peroneal nerve lesion. Plantarflexion and Inversion impairment due to Tibial nerve lesion, results in a shuffling gait.

201

Supination vs. pronation "SOUPination": Supination is to turn your arm palm up, as if you are holding a bowl of soup. "POUR-nation": Pronation is to turn your arm with the palm down, as if you are pouring out whatever is your bowl. • Alternatively, Pronation donation: Pronation is palm facing downward, as if making a donation. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=2346')> ---LCK and Anonymous Contributor University of Ottawa and Not Specified

Subclavian artery branches "Very Tired Individuals Sip Strong Coffee Served Daily": Vertebral artery Thyrocervical trunk ---Inferior thyroid ---Superficial cervical ---Suprascapular Costocervical ---Superior intercostal ---Deep cervical Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=2451')> ---Gene Lee Emory School of Medicine

Scalp: nerve supply GLASS: Greater occipital/ Greater auricular Lesser occipital Auriculotemporal Supratrochlear Supraorbital Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=2046')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Tibia: muscles of pes anserinus (the muscles attached to tibia's medial side) "A Girl between Two Sargeants": Gracilus is between Sartorius and Semitendonosus

Rib costal groove: order of intercostal blood vessels and nerve VAN: • From superior to inferior: Vein Artery Nerve

Internal pudendal branches "I Pee Pee But Don't Dump!": Inferior rectal Posterior scrotal (or labial) Perineal Bulb Deep artery Dorsal artery Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=2503')> ---Anonymous Contributor

Spinal cord: length in vertebral column SCULL: Spinal Cord Until L2 (LL).

Erector spinae muscles: order Spinalis is on the spine (most medial). Iliocostalis is on the ribs (most lateral). And it's a Long (Longissimus) way between the spine and the ribs!

Portal-systemic anastomoses: main 2 places that retroperitoneals connect into systemic RetroPeritoneals hook up with Renal and Paravertebral veins.

Carpum and tarsum "SCIT": (Artum) Superior Carpum (Artum) Inferior Tarsum

211

Brachial artery: recurrent and collateral branches "I Am Pretty Sexy" Inferior ulnar collateral artery goes with Anterior ulnar recurrent artery. Posterior ulnar recurrent artery goes with Superior ulnar collateral artery. • Alternatively: "I Am Pretty Smart".

Orbit: bones of medial wall "My Little Eye Sits in the orbit": Maxilla (frontal process) Lacrimal Ethmoid Sphenoid (body)

Facial nerve branches "Two Zombies Buggered My Cat": • From superior to inferior: Temporal branch Zygomatic branch Buccal branch Mandibular branch Cervical branch • Alternatively: "Two Zulus Bit My Cat". • Alternatively: "Two Zebras Bit My Coccyx". • Alternatively: "To Zanzibar By Motor Car". • Alternatively: "Tall Zulus Bear Many Children".

Cartilage derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular) "I'M A Super Sexy Guy" (or Girl): Incus Malleus Anterior ligament of malleus Spine of sphenoid Sphenomandibular ligament Genial tubercle of mandible Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=834')> ---Ron Norman AECC

Facial nerve: branches after Stylomastoid foramen "Ten Zulus Buggered My Cat (Painfully)": • From superior to inferior: Temporal branch Zygomatic branch Buccal branch Mandibular branch Cervical branch (Posterior auricular nerve) • Alternatively: "PAssing Through Zanzibar By Motor Car" (PA for Posterior Auricular).

Sperm pathway through male reproductive tract "STaRT DEEP--VD!": • Sperm duct system progression, from smallest to largest: ST: Seminiferous Tubules RT: Rete Testes DE: Ductus Efferentes EP: Epididymis VD: Vas Deferens

Superior orbital fissure: structures passing through "Live Free To See Absolutely No Insult": Lacrimal nerve Frontal nerve Trochlear nerve Superior branch of oculomotor nerve Abducent nerve Nasociliary nerve Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve

Vertebrae: number of facets a typical thoracic has Typical Thoracic has Ten facets.

External carotid artery branches "So Long For Acting Old Parenting Means Stability": Superior thyroid Lingual Facial Ascending pharyngeal Occiptal Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal

Horner's syndrome components "HORNy PAM" • Horner's is: Ptosis Anhidrosis Miosis

221

Superior mediastinum contents "BATS & TENT": Brachiocephalic veins Arch of aorta Thymus Superior vena cava Trachea Esophagus Nerves (vagus & phrenic) Thoracic duct

Scrotum layers "Some Days Eddie Can Irritate People Very Thourougly": Skin Dartos layer External spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle Internal spermatic fascia Parietal tunica vaginalis Visceral tunica vaginalis Tunica albuginea

External carotid artery branches "Sally Ate Lots Of Fresh Produce March Through September": Superior thyroid Ascending laryngeal Lingual Occipital (O before F is an extremely common variation) Facial Posterior auricular Maxillary Transverse facial Superficial temporal

Cubital fossa contents "Really Need Booze To Be At My Nicest": • From lateral to medial: Radial Nerve Biceps Tendon Brachial Artery Median Nerve

Cricoarytenoids: abductor vs. adductor When aliens abduct you, they Probe you. Posterior cricoarytenoids abduct. Lateral therefore is adduct by default.

Extensor expansion location in the hand The eXtensor eXpansion is on the proXimal phalynX.

Carpal bone having the hook The Hamate has the Hook.

External carotid artery branches "She Lay Flaccid As Olaf's Penis Slipped In": • From caudal to cephalad: Superior thyroid Lingual Facial Ascending pharyngeal Occipital Posterior auricular Superficial temporal (Internal) maxillary

Brachial artery is medial to biceps tendon "BAMBI": Brachial Artery is Medial to Biceps In elbow.

Ossification ages "Every Potential Anatomist Should Know When" • When they ossify, in order of increasing year: Elbow: 16 years Pelvis, Ankle: 17 years Shoulder, Knee: 18 years Wrist: 19 years

231

Carpal bones (multangular names) "Never Lower Tillie's Pants. Mother May Come Home.": Navicular Lunate Triquetrium Pisiform greater Multangular (trapezium) lesser Multangular (trapezoid) Capitate Hamate

V3: sensory branches "Buccaneers Are Inferior Linguists": Buccal Auriculotemporal Inferior alveolar Lingual

Supine vs. prone body position Know SUPination is your hand while carrying a bowl of SOUP. Your face follows where your palm is facing [i.e. up]. Put a handpuppet on your hand while hand is in supination and the puppet will be the supine position.

---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin Cubital fossa contents "N-MAN": • From lateral to medial: Nerve Muscle Artery Nerve • Specifics are radial Nerve, biceps Muscle tendon, brachial Artery, median Nerve.

---Peter Stefanides University College Dublin Diaphram aperatures: spinal levels "Come Enter the Abdomen: Vena Cava [8] Esophagus [10] Aorta [12]

---Phillip Snider (originally by Sherry Roles) Med student: Arizona College of Osteopathic Med Inversion vs. eversion direction in the foot Little INtroVERted boys roll their feet in when talking to girls. Also, can just watch which way the sole of the foot goes: does it face in or out?

---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin Perineal vs. peroneal Perineal is in between the legs. Peroneal is on the leg. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=166')> ---Anonymous Contributor L4 landmark: 2 items "B4U" [before you]: Bifurcation of aorta L4 Umbilicus Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=186')> ---Anonymous Contributor Anatomical planes: coronal, horizontal, sagittal Coronal: A classic painting/stained glass window of a saint/angel has a corona radiating around the person's head. The plane of the glass/page is cutting their head in the coronal plane. Horizontal: Someone coming over the horizon has their abdomen cut in the horizontal plane. Sagittal: the remaining one by default. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=262')> ---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin Supine vs. prone body position "Supine is on your spine. Therefore, prone's the "other" one. • Also, prone to suffocate in prone position. Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=392')> ---Carol Kasper and Sandy Honeycutt MacMurray College, Jacksonville, IL, USA and Nursing student Retroperitoneal structures list SAD PUCKER: Suprarenal glands Aorta & IVC Duodenum (half) Pancreas Ureters Colon (ascending & descending) Kidneys Esophagus (anterior & left covered) Rectum Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=510')> ---Ron Norman AECC Cubital fossa contents "My Bottoms Turned Red": • From medial to lateral: Median nerve Brachial artery Tendon of biceps Radial nerve Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=631')> ---Dell Piero University Malaya Medical School, Malaysia

11

Ankle: anterior compartment of leg contents "The Hamptons Are Never Dull Parties": • From medial malleolus: Tibialis anterior tendon (Extensor) Hallacus longus Artery (anterior tibial) Nerve (deep peroneal) (Extensor) Digitorum Peroneus tertius Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1257')> ---Jonhs Hopkins Class of 2004 Cubital fossa contents "Really Need Booze To Be At My Nicest": • From lateral to medial: Radial Nerve Biceps Tendon Brachial Artery Median Nerve

<javascript:showpic('showpic.cfm?mnemonic_id=1271')>  <javascript:showpic('showpic.cfm?mnemonic_id=1271')>

Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1271')> ---Anonymous Contributor Cubital fossa contents MBBR: • From medial to lateral: Median nerve Brachial artery Biceps tendon Radial nerve Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1283')> ---Dr. Atif Farooq Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan Retroperitoneal organs (major) "AC/DC Rocker Kids Party Down": Ascending Colon Descending Colon Rectum Kidneys Pancreas Duodenum Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1676')> ---Anonymous Contributor Superior mediastinum: contents PVT Left BATTLE: Phrenic nerve Vagus nerve Thoracic duct Left recurrent laryngeal nerve (not the right) Brachiocephalic veins Aortic arch (and its 3 branches) Thymus Trachea Lymph nodes Esophagus Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=1986')> ---Anonymous Contributor University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Inguinal canal: walls "MALT: 2M, 2A, 2L, 2T": • Starting from superior, moving around in order to posterior: Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles: • internal oblique Muscle • transverse abdominus Muscle Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses: • Aponeurosis of external oblique • Aponeurosis of internal oblique Lower wall (floor): 2 Ligaments: • inguinal Ligament • lacunar Ligament Posterior wall: 2Ts: • Transversalis fascia • conjoint Tendon Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=2010')> ---Miruna Segarceanu UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania Mediastinums: posterior mediastinum structures There are 4 birds: The esophaGOOSE (esophagus) The vaGOOSE nerve The azyGOOSE vein The thoracic DUCK (duct) Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=2355')> ---Aron Flagg Finch University of Health Sciences / The Chicago Medical School Internal pudendal branches "I Pee Pee But Don't Dump!": Inferior rectal Posterior scrotal (or labial) Perineal Bulb Deep artery Dorsal artery Show Details / Rate It <javascript:showdetails('detailsrate.cfm?mnemonic_id=2503')>

Major Links: USMLE Review