Talk:Horticulture/Iris

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There are six subgenera, of which five are restricted to the Old World, and the sixth (subgenus ''Limniris'') with a Holarctic distribution; the two largest subgenera are further divided into sections. ;[[Iris subgenus Iris|''Iris'' subgenus ''Iris'']]: bearded irises, growing from rhizomes. *''Iris'' subgenus ''Iris'' sect. ''Iris'' **''[[Iris albertii]]'' Regel **''[[Iris albicans]]'' Lange **''[[Iris aphylla]]'' L. – Stool Iris **''[[Iris attica]]'' (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek **''[[Iris cypriana]]'' Foster & Baker **''[[Iris germanica]]'' L. – [[German Iris]] **''[[Iris imbricata]]'' Lindl. **''[[Iris lutescens]]'' Lam. – Crimean Iris **''[[Iris marsica]]'' I.Ricci & Colas. **''[[Iris mesopotamica]]'' – Mesopotamian Iris **''[[Iris pallida]]'' Lam. – Sweet Iris **''[[Iris pumila]]'' L. **''[[Iris reichenbachii]]'' Heuff. **''[[Iris sambucina]]'' L. **''[[Iris scariosa]]'' Willd. ex Link **''[[Iris schachtii]]'' Markgr. **''[[Iris suaveolens]]'' Boiss. & Reut. **''[[Iris subbiflora]]'' Brot. **''[[Iris taochia]]'' Woronow ex Grossh. **''[[Iris variegata]]'' L. – Hungarian Iris *''Iris'' subgenus ''Iris'' sect. ''Oncocyclus'' **''[[Iris acutiloba]]'' C.A.Mey. **''[[Iris assadiana]]'' Chaudhary, Kirkw. & C. Weymolauth **''[[Iris atrofusca]]'' Bak. **''[[Iris atropurpurea]]'' Bak. **''[[Iris barnumae]]'' Bak. & Fost. **''[[Iris bismarckiana]]'' Reg. **''[[Iris camillae]]'' Grossh. **''[[Iris gatesii]]'' Foster **''[[Iris haynei]]'' (Bak.) Mallet. **''[[Iris iberica]]'' Hoffm. **''[[Iris loretii]]'' Barbey. **''[[Iris mariae]]'' Barbey. **''[[Iris meda]]'' Stapf **''[[Iris paradoxa]]'' Steven **''[[Iris petrana]]'' Dinsm. **''[[Iris sari]]'' Schott ex Bak. **''[[Iris sofarana]]'' Fost. **''[[Iris susiana]]'' L. – Mourning Iris *''Iris'' subgenus ''Iris'' sect. ''Psammiris'' **''[[Iris bloudowii]]'' Ledeb. **''[[Iris humilis]]'' Georgi *''Iris'' subgenus ''Iris'' sect. ''Hexapogon'' **''[[Iris falcifolia]]'' Bunge **''[[Iris longiscapa]]'' Ledeb. *''Iris'' subgenus ''Iris'' sect. ''Pseudoregelia'' **''[[Iris goniocarpa]]'' Bak. **''[[Iris hookeriana]]'' Fost. **''[[Iris kamaonensis]]'' Wall. **''[[Iris tigrida]]'' Bunge ex Ledeb. *''Iris'' subgenus ''Iris'' sect. ''Regelia'' **''[[Iris hoogiana]]'' Dykes **''[[Iris korolkowii]]'' Regel **''[[Iris stolonifera]]'' Maxim. ;[[Limniris|''Iris'' subgenus ''Limniris'']]: beardless irises, growing from rhizomes. *''Iris'' subgenus ''Limniris'' sect. ''Limniris'' **''[[Iris bracteata]]'' S.Wats. – Siskiyou Iris **''[[Iris brevicaulis]]'' Raf. – Zigzag Iris **''[[Iris bulleyana]]'' Dykes **''[[Iris caespitosa]]'' Pall. & Link **''[[Iris chrysographes]]'' Dykes **''[[Iris chrysophylla]]'' T.J.Howell – Yellowleaf Iris **''[[Iris clarkei]]'' Bak. **''[[Iris crocea]]'' Jacquem. ex R.C.Foster **''[[Iris delavayi]]'' Micheli **''[[Iris douglasiana]]'' Herbert – Douglas Iris **''[[Iris ensata]]'' Thunb. – Russian Iris **''[[Iris fernaldii]]'' R.C.Foster – Fernald's Iris **''[[Iris foetidissima]]'' L. – Stinking Iris **''[[Iris forrestii]]'' Dykes **''[[Iris fulva]]'' Ker-Gawl. – Copper Iris **''[[Iris giganticaerulea]]'' Small – Giant Blue Iris **''[[Iris graminea]]'' L. **''[[Iris grant-duffii]]'' Bak. **''[[Iris hartwegii]]'' Baker – Hartweg's Iris **''[[Iris hexagona]]'' Walt. – Dixie Iris **''[[Iris innominata]]'' Henderson – Del Norte Iris **''[[Iris kerneriana]]'' Asch. & Sint. **''[[Iris koreana]]'' Nakai **''[[Iris lactea]]'' Pall. **''[[Iris laevigata]]'' Fisch. – Rabbitear Iris **''[[Iris lazica]]'' Albov **''[[Iris loczyi]]'' Kanitz **''[[Iris longipetala]]'' Herb. **''[[Iris lorea]]'' Jank. **''[[Iris macrosiphon]]'' Torr. – Bowltube Iris **''[[Iris missouriensis]]'' Nutt. – Rocky Mountain Iris **''[[Iris monnieri]]'' DC. **''[[Iris munzii]]'' R.C. Foster – Munz's Iris **''[[Iris nelsonii]]'' Randolph – Abbeville iris **''[[Iris orientalis]]'' Mill. – Yellowband Iris **''[[Iris pontica]]'' Zapal. **''[[Iris prismatica]]'' Pursh ex Ker-Gawl. – Slender Blue Iris **''[[Iris pseudacorus]]'' L. – Yellow Iris **''[[Iris purdyi]]'' Eastw. – Purdy's Iris **''[[Iris ruthenica]]'' Ker-Gawl. **''[[Iris sanguinea]]'' Hornem. ex Donn – Japanese Iris - [[:ja:アヤメ]] **''[[Iris setosa]]'' Pallas ex Link – Beachhead Iris **''[[Iris sibirica]]'' L. – [[Siberian Iris]] **''[[Iris sintenisii]]'' Janka **''[[Iris spuria]]'' L. – Seashore Iris **''[[Iris tenax]]'' Dougl. ex Lindl. – Toughleaf Iris **''[[Iris tenuifolia]]'' Pall. **''[[Iris tenuissima]]'' Dykes – Longtube Iris **''[[Iris tridentata]]'' Pursh – Savanna Iris **''[[Iris unguicularis]]'' Poir. **''[[Iris verna]]'' L. – Dwarf Violet Iris **''[[Iris versicolor]]'' L. – Harlequin Blueflag **''[[Iris virginica]]'' L. – Virginia Iris **''[[Iris wilsonii]]'' C.H.Wright *''Iris'' subgenus ''Limniris'' sect. ''Lophiris'' **''[[Iris confusa]]'' Sealy **''[[Iris cristata]]'' Ait. – Crested Iris **''[[Iris gracilipes]]'' A.Gray **''[[Iris japonica]]'' Thunb. **''[[Iris lacustris]]'' Nutt. – [[Dwarf Lake Iris]] **''[[Iris milesii]]'' Foster **''[[Iris tectorum]]'' Maxim. – Wall Iris **''[[Iris tenuis]]'' S.Wats. – Clackamas Iris **''[[Iris wattii]]'' Baker ex Hook.f. ;[[Iris subgenus Xiphium|''Iris'' subgenus ''Xiphium'']] (syn. genus ''Xiphion''), a group of bulbous irises. *''Iris'' subgenus ''Xiphium'' sect. ''Xiphium'' **''[[Iris boissieri]]'' Henriq **''[[Iris filifolia]]'' Boiss. **''[[Iris juncea]]'' Poir. **''[[Iris latifolia]]'' Mill. **''[[Iris serotina]]'' Willk. in Willk. & Lange **''[[Iris tingitana]]'' Boiss. & Reut. – Morocco Iris **''[[Iris xiphium]]'' L. – Spanish Iris. or Dutch Iris ;[[Iris subgenus Nepalensis|''Iris'' subgenus ''Nepalensis'']] (syn. genus ''Junopsis''); also bulbous. *''Iris'' subgenus ''Nepalensis'' sect. ''Nepalensis'' **''[[Iris collettii]]'' Hook. **''[[Iris decora]]'' Wall. ;[[Iris subgenus Scorpiris|''Iris'' subgenus ''Scorpiris'']] (syn. genus ''Juno''); also bulbous. *''Iris'' subgenus ''Scorpiris'' sect. ''Scorpiris'' **''[[Iris albomarginata]]'' R.C.Foster **''[[Iris aucheri]]'' (Baker) Sealy **''[[Iris bucharica]]'' Foster **''[[Iris caucasica]]'' Hoffm. **''[[Iris cycloglossa]]'' Wendelbo **''[[Iris fosteriana]]'' Aitch. & Baker **''[[Iris graeberiana]]'' Tubergen ex Sealy **''[[Iris magnifica]]'' Vved. **''[[Iris palaestina]]'' (Bak.) Boiss. **''[[Iris persica]]'' L. **''[[Iris planifolia]]'' (Mill.) Fiori & Paol. **''[[Iris pseudocaucasica]]'' Grossh. **''[[Iris regis-uzziae]]'' Feinbrun **''[[Iris rosenbachiana]]'' Reg. **''[[Iris vicaria]]'' Vved. ;[[Iris subgenus Hermodactyloides|''Iris'' subgenus ''Hermodactyloides'']] (syn. genus ''Iridodictyum''); also bulbous. *''Iris'' subgenus ''Hermodactyloides'' sect. ''Hermodactyloides'' **''[[Iris bakeriana]]'' Foster **''[[Iris danfordiae]]'' (Baker) Boiss. **''[[Iris histrio]]'' Rchb.f. **''[[Iris histrioides]]'' (G.F.Wilson) S.Arn. **''[[Iris reticulata]]'' Bieb. **''[[Iris vartanii]]'' Fost. **''[[Iris winogradowii]]'' Fomin  Some authors regard the [[Snake's Head Iris]] as lying outside genus ''Iris'', and classify it as ''Hermodactylus tuberosus''.

(the text below was left as an editors' note on wikipedia)

--(for transfer to species accounts when pages for them are started:)

Iris albicans, known as the white flag iris or the cemetery iris, has been cultivated since ancient times and may be the oldest iris in cultivation. Collected by Lange in 1860, it has been in cultivation since at least 1400 BC. Originating from Yemen and Saudi Arabia, it appears in a wall painting of the Botantical Garden of Tuthmosis III in the Temple of Amun at Karnak in ancient Thebes dated around 1426 BC. It grows to 30-60 cm tall and is fragrant.
Iris foetidissima, the Foetid Iris, the Xyris or stinking gladdon of Gerard, is a native of England south of Durham and also of Ireland, southern Europe and North Africa. Its flowers are usually of a dull, leaden-blue colour; the capsules, which remain attached to the plant throughout the winter, are 5-8 cm long; and the seeds scarlet. When bruised this species emits a peculiar and disagreeable odour.
Iris orienii Orjen iris, a close relative to Iris pallida. An endemic alpine species with white flowers found in the karst mountain Orjen in Montenegro. It is very rare and protected.
Iris pallida Dalmatian iris, Sweet iris; native to the Illyrian coast (former Yugoslavia) but widely naturalised elsewhere. Iris pallida is cultivated for extraction of essential oils from its rhizome orris root. Prefers rocky places in the mediterranean and submediterranean zone and reaches sometimes montane regions at its southern range in Montenegro. Four varieties (regularly described as separate species) are recognised with one possible new alpine species having white flowers. The variety with deep purplish flowers from Northern Italy and the Slovenian alps is called Iris cengialti.
Iris reichenbachii Reichenbach iris is a small bearded alpine iris from the Balkan peninsula. Specimens from the west Balkans are much smaller than those from Greece and the eastern Balkans.
Iris reticulata and Iris persica, both of which are fragrant, are also popular with florists.
Iris versicolor, or Blue Flag, is indigenous to North America, and yields "iridin", a powerful hepatic stimulant.
Iris xiphium, the Spanish Iris (also known as Dutch Iris) and
Iris xiphioides, the English Iris. Despite the common name of I xiphioides, both are of Spanish origin, and have very showy flowers, so they are popular with gardeners and florists. They are among the hardier bulbous irises, and can be grown in northern Europe. They require to be planted in thoroughly drained beds in very light open soil, moderately enriched, and should have a rather sheltered position. Both these present a long series of beautiful varieties of the most diverse colours, flowering in May, June and July, the smaller Spanish iris being the earlier of the two. --

[edit] Cultivation (from wp: mostly about individual species)

Irises are extensively grown as ornamental plants in gardens. The most commonly found garden iris is the bearded German Iris and its numerous cultivars. Various wild forms and naturally occurring hybrids of Iris pallida and I. variegata form the basis of most all modern hybrid bearded iris. Median forms of bearded iris [intermediate bearded (IB), miniature tall bearded (MTB), etc] are derived from crosses between tall and dwarf varieties. Other iris types commonly found in garden are I. siberica and its hybrids (Siberian irises) and I. ensata and its hybrids (Japanese irises).

The bearded irises are easy to cultivate and propagate, and have become very popular in gardens. They grow in any good free garden soil, the smaller and more delicate species needing only the aid of turf ingredients, either peat or loam, to keep it light and open in texture. The earliest to bloom are the dwarf forms of Iris pumila, which blossom during March, April and May; and during the latter month and the following one most of the larger growing 'tall bearded' varieties, such as I. germanica, florentina, pallida, variegata, amoena, flavescens, sambucina, neglecta, ruthenica and their modern hybrids.

It should be noted that a true red standard, tall bearded Iris remains an unattained goal of frequent hybridizing and selection. There are species and selections thereof, most notably, Iris fulva, which has a relatively pure red color. However, getting this color into a modern Iris breed has proven very difficult, and thus, the vast majority of Irises are in the purple\blue range of the color spectrum.

The section Iris subgen. Iris sect. Oncocyclus contains the cushion or royal irises, a group of plants noted for their large, strongly marked flowers. Between 30 and 60 species are classified in this section, depending on the authority. Compared with other irises the cushion varieties are scantily furnished with narrow sickle shaped leaves and the flowers are usually borne singly on the stalks. The closely allied Iris subgenus Iris sect. Regelia, includes several garden hybrids with species in sect. Oncocyclus, known as "Regelio-cyclus" irises. They are best planted in September or October in warm sunny positions, the rhizomes being lifted the following July after the leaves have withered.

Iris unguicularis (syn. I. stylosa) is a late winter flowering species from Algeria, with sky-blue flowers blotched with yellow, produced (in the Northern Hemisphere) from November to March or April.

Many other smaller species of bulbous iris, being liable to perish from excess of moisture, should have a well-drained bed of good but porous soil made up for them, in some sunny spot, and in winter should be protected by a covering of half-decayed leaves or fresh coco-fibre refuse. To this set belong I. milifolia, I. junonia, I. danfordiae, I. reichenbachii and others which flower as early as February and March.

The cushion irises are somewhat fastidious growers, and to be successful with them they must be planted rather shallow in very gritty well-drained soil. They should not be disturbed in the autumn, and after the leaves have withered the roots should be protected from heavy rains until growth starts again naturally.

Talk:Horticulture/Iris

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[edit] Cultivation (from wp: mostly about individual species)

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