Radiation Oncology/Neuroendocrine

Neuroendocrine tumor overview on Wikipedia

Summary of human GEP-NETs by site of origin and by symptom

• The endocrine system is a communication system in which hormones act as biochemical messengers to regulate physiological events in living organisms. The nervous system performs the same functions using electrical impulses as messengers. The neuroendocrine system is the combination of those two systems, or more specifically, the various interfaces between the two systems. A GEP-NET is a tumor of any such interface.

• Carcinoids (about two thirds of GEP-NETs)
  • with carcinoid syndrome (about 10 percent of carcinoids)
  • without carcinoid syndrome (about 90 percent of carcinoids)
• Pancreatic endocrine tumors (about one third of GEP-NETs)
  • Nonfunctioning (15 to 30 percent of PETs)
  • Functioning (70 to 85 percent of PETs)
    • w:Gastrinoma - producing excessive gastrin and causing w:Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES)
    • w:Insulinoma - producing excessive insulin
    • w:Glucagonoma - producing excessive glucagon
    • VIPoma - producing excessive vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
    • PPoma, producing excessive pancreatic polypeptide
    • w:Somatostatinoma - producing excessive somatostatin
    • CRHoma - producing excessive corticotropin-releasing hormonse (CRH)
    • Calcitoninoma - producing excessive calcitonin
    • GHRHoma - producing excessive growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
    • Neurotensinoma - producing excessive neurotensin
    • ACTHoma - producing excessive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    • GhRFoma - producing excessive growth-hormone release factor (GRF)
    • Parathyroid hormone–related peptide tumor
• Other NETs
  • Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
  • Merkel cell cancer
  • Small-cell lung cancer
  • Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
  • Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix
  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1)
  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN-2)
  • Neurofibromatosis type 1
  • Tuberous sclerosis
  • Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease
  • Neuroblastoma
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Paraganglioma
  • Neuroendocrine tumor of the anterior pituitary
  • Carney's complex