Polish/Locative case
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Locative case are used in the following cases:
- When describing the location of some object or somebody
- When thinking or talking about something or somebody
- When writing about something or somebody
Locative answers the questions where? (gdzie) as well as the questions about what? (o kim) and about whom? (o czym). Locative appears when the noun is controlled by one of the following prepositions:
| Preposition | English | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
W[e] |
in |
I'm in the shop |
|
Na |
on |
The cafe is on the square (object is not moving) |
|
Po |
on |
The girl is walking on the square (object is moving) |
|
Przy |
Next to |
The car is parked next to the tree |
|
Po |
After |
Shall we dance after the dinner |
|
O |
About |
I'm thinking about you |
Contents |
[edit] Construction in singular
[edit] Declension for nouns
The apostrophe indicates historical softening. It is helpful to review the hard and soft consonants table before continuing.
| Gender | Rule | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Male Neutral |
After the consonants p, b, f, w, t, d, s, z, m, n, r, ł |
-'e |
teatr > w teatrze, zeszyt > w zeszycie, okno > przy oknie |
|
In other cases |
-u |
w kiosku, na kocu, w biurku, na łóżku |
|
|
Female |
All cases |
-'e |
szkoła > w szkole, poczta > na poczcie |
|
-i |
w sali |
||
|
-y |
w pracy |
[edit] Declension for adjectives
| Gender | Rule | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Male Neutral |
adjectives where the basic form ends on g, k or i |
-im |
drogim, wszystkim, tanim |
|
all other cases |
-ym |
dobrym, zielonym |
|
|
Female |
adjectives where the basic form ends on g, k or i |
-iej |
drogiej, wszystkiej, taniej |
|
all other cases |
-ej |
dobrej, zielonej |
[edit] Construction in plural
[edit] Declension for nouns
| Gender | Rule | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Male |
In all cases |
-ach |
w teatrach, w zeszytach, w koskach, na kocach |
|
Neutral |
w biurkach, na łóżkach, przy oknach |
||
|
Female |
w szkołach, na pocztach, w pracach, w salach |
[edit] Declension for adjectives
| Gender | Rule | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Male Neutral Female |
basic form ends on g, k or i |
-ich |
drogich, tanich, wszystkich |
|
all other cases |
-ych |
dobrych, ciepłych, małych |
[edit] Personal pronouns
| English | Nominative | Locative |
|---|---|---|
|
what? |
co? |
czym? |
|
who? |
kto? |
kim? |
|
nothing |
nic |
niczym |
|
no one |
nikt |
nikim |
|
I |
ja |
mnie |
|
you (sg) |
ty |
tobie |
|
he |
on |
nim |
|
she |
ona |
niej |
|
it |
ono |
nim |
|
you (male form) |
pan |
panu |
|
you (female form) |
pani |
pani |
|
you (plural of pan) |
panów |
panach |
|
you (plural of pani) |
panie |
paniach |
|
you (*) |
państwo |
państwu |
|
we |
my |
nas |
|
you (plural) |
wy |
was |
|
they (*) |
oni |
nich |
|
they (**) |
one |
nich |
|
reflexive |
sobie |
use the (*) form for groups where at least one male person is in
use the (**) form for groups where there is only women/girls in
[edit] Possessive pronouns
| type |
my, mine |
your, yours (informal) |
your, yours (formal) |
our, ours |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
masculine |
mój |
moim |
twój |
twoim |
wasz |
waszym |
nasz |
naszym |
|
neuter |
moje |
moim |
twoje |
twoim |
wasze |
waszym |
nasze |
naszym |
|
feminine |
moja |
mojej |
twoja |
twojej |
wasza |
waszej |
nasza |
naszej |
|
masc. pers. pl |
moi |
moich |
twoi |
twoich |
wasi |
waszy |
nasi |
naszy |
|
other pl. |
moje |
moich |
twoje |
twoich |
wasze |
waszych |
nasze |
naszych |
[edit] Relative, Demonstrative and intensive pronouns
| type |
which / who |
what / what kind |
this / that |
self / same |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
masculine |
który |
którym |
jaki |
jakim |
ten |
tym |
sam |
samym |
|
neuter |
które |
którym |
jakie |
jakim |
to |
tym |
samo |
samym |
|
feminine |
która |
której |
jaka |
jakiej |
ta |
tej |
sama |
samej |
|
masc. pers. pl |
którzy |
których |
jacy |
jakich |
ci |
tych |
sami |
samych |
|
other pl. |
które |
których |
jakie |
jakich |
te |
tych |
same |
samych |
