Orthopaedic Surgery/Adult Reconstruction

	Adult Reconstruction
<<Macrodactyly		Arthroplasty>>

• Arthroplasty
  1. General Principles
     • Materials
       1. Metals
          • Stainless Steel
          • Cobalt-based Alloys
          • Titanium and Titanium Alloys
          • Combinations of Metals
       2. Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene
       3. Ceramics
       4. Composite Materials
     • Fixation
       1. Polymethlymethacrylate
       2. Porous Metals
       3. Calcium Phosphate Ceramics
     • Perioperative Principles
       1. Operating Room Environment
       2. Prophylactic Antibiotics
       3. Postoperative Precautions
  2. Arthroplasty of Hip
     • Applied Biomechanics
       1. Forces Acting on Hip
       2. Centralisation of Head of Femur
       3. Neck Length and Offsets
       4. Head and Neck Diameter
       5. Frictional Torque
       6. Wear
       7. Lubrication
       8. Stress Transfer to Bone
     • Selection of Total Hip Components
       1. Femoral Components
          • Femoral Stems with Cement
          • Cementless Stems with Porous Surface
          • Nonporous Cementless Femoral Components
          • Custom-made Femoral Components
       2. Acetabular Components
          • Cemented Acetabular Components
          • Cementless Acetabular Components
          • Bipolar Acetabular Components
          • Acetabular Reconstruction Rings
     • Surface Replacement Arthroplasty
     • Indications for Total Hip Arthroplasty
     • Contraindications for Total Hip Arthroplasty
     • Preoperative Evaluation
     • Preoperative Roentograms
     • Preparation and Draping
     • Surgical Approaches and Techniques
       1. Posterolateral Approach with Posterior Dislocation of Hip
       2. Implantation of Cementless Acetabular Components
       3. Implantation of Cemented Acetabular Components
       4. Implantation of Bipolar Prosthesis
       5. Implantation of Cementless Femoral Components
       6. Implantation of Cemented Femoral Components
       7. Trochanteric Osteotomy
     • Surgical Problems to Specific Hip Disorders
       1. Arthritic Disorders
          • Degenerative Arthritis
          • Rheumatoid Arthritis
       2. Avascular Necrosis
       3. Protrusio Acetabuli
       4. Developmental Dysplasia
       5. Dwarfs
       6. Postraumatic Disorders
          • Femoral Fractures and Nonunions
          • Acetabular Fractures
       7. Failed Reconstructive Procedures
          • Proximal Femoral Osteotomy
          • Arthrodesis
          • Painful Hemiarthroplasty
          • Failed Resurfacing Procedures
       8. Metabolic Disorders
          • Paget Disease
          • Gaucher Disease
          • Sickle Cell Anemia
          • Chronic Renal Failure
          • Hemophilia
       9. Infectious Disorders
          • Pyogenic Arthritis
          • Tuberculosis
       10. Tumors
       11. Neurologic Disorders
     • Complications
       1. Nerve Injuries
       2. Vascular Injuries
       3. Hematoma Formation
       4. Bladder and Urinary Tract Injuries
       5. Limb Length Discrepancy
       6. Dislocation and Subluxation
       7. Heterotopic Ossification
       8. Thromboembolism
       9. Fractures
       10. Trochanteric Nonunion
       11. Loosening
           • Femoral Loosening
           • Acetabular Loosening
           • Diagnosis
       12. Infections
           • Management of Infections
           • Reconstruction after Infection
       13. Osteolysis
       14. Stem Failure
       15. Miscellaneous Complications
     • Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
       1. Indications and Contraindications
       2. Preoperative Planning
       3. Surgical Approach
          • Stem Removal
          • Removal of Broken Stem
          • Removal of Cement from Femur
          • Removal of Cup and Cement form Acetabulum
       4. Reconstruction of Acetabular Deficiencies
          • Cavitary Deficits
          • Segmental Deficits
       5. Reconstruction of Femoral Deficiencies
          • Segmental Deficits
          • Cavitary Deficits
          • Femoral Deformity
          • Femoral Allograft
     • Postoperative Care
  3. Arthroplasty of Knee
     • Applied Biomechanics
       1. Role of PCL in Knee Arthroplasty
       2. Longitudinal and Rotatioinal Alignment of Knee
       3. Patellofemoral Joint
       4. Polyethylene Issues
       5. Component Fixation
     • Indications for Tricompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
     • Indications for Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty
     • Indications for Patellar Resurfacing
     • Indications for Simultaneous Bilateral Knee Arthroplasty
     • Outcome Measures of Knee Arthroplasty
     • Prosthesis Survival in Knee Arthroplasty
     • Preoperative Evaluation in Knee Arthroplasty
     • Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
       1. Anaesthetic Options
       2. Surgical Approaches
       3. Bone Preparation
       4. Ligamentous Balancing
          • Varus Deformity
          • Valgus Deformity
          • Flexion Contracture
          • Balancing Posterior Cruciate Ligament
       5. Management of Bone Deficiency
       6. Patellofemoral Tracking
       7. Component Implantation
       8. Wound Closure
     • Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty
     • Postoperative Management
     • Surgical Problems to Specific Knee Disorders
       1. Previous High Tibial Osteotomy
       2. Previous Patellectomy
       3. Neuropathic Arthropathy
       4. Medical Conditions
     • Complications of Knee Arthroplasty
       1. Thromboembolism
       2. Infection
       3. Patellofemoral Complications
       4. Neurovascular Complications
       5. Periprosthetic Fractures
     • Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
       1. Aseptic Failure
       2. Revision Exposures
       3. Component Removal
       4. Reconstruction Principles
       5. Results
  4. Arthroplasty of Ankle
  5. Arthroplasty of Shoulder
     • History
     • Biomechanics of Shoulder Arthroplasty
     • Prosthesis Design
     • Indications for Shoulder Arthroplasty
     • Preoperative Evaluation
     • Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty
     • Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
     • Rehabilitation after Shoulder Arthroplasty
     • Complications of Shoulder Arthroplasty
     • Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty
  6. Arthroplasty of Elbow
     • History of Elbow Arthroplasty
     • Biomechanics of Elbow Arthroplasty
     • Types of Elbow Arthroplasty
       1. Interpositional Arthroplasty
       2. Resection Arthroplasty of Radial Head
       3. Implant Arthroplasty
          • Total Elbow Replacement
          • Radial Head Implant Arthroplasty
     • Complications of Elbow Arthroplasty
     • Indications of Elbow Arthroplasty
     • Techniques of Elbow Arthroplasty
     • Revision and Salvage Elbow Arthroplasty
• Arthrodesis
  1. Ankle Arthrodesis
     • Approaches
     • Preparation of Joint Surfaces
     • Fixation of Arthrodesis
     • Bone Grafting
     • Techniques
  2. Knee Arthrodesis
     • Indications
     • Techniques
  3. Hip Arthrodesis
     • Indications
     • Techniques
     • Arthrodesis in Absence of Femoral Head
     • Total Hip Arthroplasty after Arthrodesis
  4. Wrist Arthrodesis
     • History
     • Indications
     • Position
     • Techniques
     • Complications
  5. Elbow Arthrodesis
     • Indications
     • Techniques
     • Complications
  6. Shoulder Arthrodesis
     • History
     • Indications
     • Position
     • Techniques
     • Complications
• Osteotomy
  1. Hip Osteotomy
     • Salter's Procedure
     • Triple Innominate Osteotomy
     • Spherical Acetabular osteotomy
     • Ganz Osteotomy
     • Chiari's Osteotomy
  2. Knee Osteotomy