Lun Yu/Book 20
< Lun Yu
| Analects of Confucius (Translated by James Legge) |
Simplified Chinese | Traditional Chinese | Chinese Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| BOOK XX. YAO YUEH. | 尧曰第二十 | 堯曰第二十 | Yáo yuē dì èrshí |
| CHAP. I. 1. Yao said, 'Oh! you, Shun, the Heaven- determined order of succession now rests in your person. Sincerely hold fast the due Mean. If there shall be distress and want within the four seas, the Heavenly revenue will come to a perpetual end.' | 【第一章】【一节】尧曰、咨、尔舜、天之历数在尔躬、允执其中、四海困 穷、天禄永终。 | 【第一章】【一節】堯曰、咨、爾舜、天之曆數在爾躬、允執其中、四海困 窮、天祿永終。 | Yáo yuē zī ěr shùn tiān zhī lì shǔ zài ěr gōng yǔn zhí qízhōng sìhǎi kùn qióng tiān lù yǒng zhōng |
| 2. Shun also used the same language in giving charge to Yu. | 【二节】舜亦以命禹。 | 【二節】舜亦以命禹。 | shùn yì yǐ mìng Yǔ |
| 3. T'ang said, 'I the child Li, presume to use a dark- coloured victim, and presume to announce to Thee, O most great and sovereign God, that the sinner I dare not pardon, and thy ministers, O God, I do not keep in obscurity. The examination of them is by thy mind, O God. If, in my person, I commit offences, they are not to be attributed to you, the people of the myriad regions. If you in the myriad regions commit offences, these offences must rest on my person.' | 【三节】曰、予小子履、敢用玄牡、 敢昭告于皇皇后帝、有罪不敢赦、帝臣不蔽、简在帝心、朕躬有罪、无以万 方、万方有罪、 罪在朕躬。 | 【三節】曰、予小子履、敢用玄牡、 敢昭告于皇皇后帝、有罪不敢赦、帝臣不蔽、簡在帝心、朕躬有罪、無以萬 方、萬方有罪、 罪在朕躬。 | yuē yú xiǎo zǐ lǚ gǎn yòng xuán mǔ gǎn zhāo gào yú huáng huánghòu dì yǒu zuì bù gǎn shè dì chén bù bì jiǎn zài dì xīn zhèn gōng yǒu zuì wú yǐ wàn fāng wàn fāng yǒu zuì zuì zài zhèn gōng |
| 4. Chau conferred great gifts, and the good were enriched. | 【四节】周有大赉、善人是富。 | 【四節】周有大賚、善人是富。 | zhōu yǒu dà lài shàn rén shì fù |
| 5. 'Although he has his near relatives, they are not equal to my virtuous men. The people are throwing blame upon me, the One man.' | 【五节】虽有周亲、不如仁人、 百姓有过、在予一人。 | 【五節】雖有周親、不如仁人、 百姓有過、在予一人。 | suī yǒu zhōu qīn bùrú rén rén bǎixìng yǒu guò zài yú yī rén |
| 6. He carefully attended to the weights and measures, examined the body of the laws, restored the discarded officers, and the good government of the kingdom took its course. | 【六节】谨权量、审法度、修废官、四方之政行焉。 | 【六節】謹權量、審法度、修廢官、四方之政行焉。 | jǐn quán liáng shěn fǎ dù xiū fèi guān sìfāng zhī zhèng xíng yān |
| 7. He revived States that had been extinguished, restored families whose line of succession had been broken, and called to office those who had retired into obscurity, so that throughout the kingdom the hearts of the people turned towards him. | 【七节】兴灭国、继绝世、举逸民、天下之民归心焉。 | 【七節】興滅國、繼絕世、舉逸民、天下之民歸心焉。 | xìng miè guó jì jué shì jǔ yì mín tiānxià zhī mín guī xīn yān |
| 8. What he attached chief importance to, were the food of the people, the duties of mourning, and sacrifices. | 【八节】所重民、食、 丧、祭。 | 【八節】所重民、食、 喪、祭。 | suǒ zhòng mín shí sāng jì |
| 9. By his generosity, he won all. By his sincerity, he made the people repose trust in him. By his earnest activity, his achievements were great. By his justice, all were delighted. | 【九节】宽则得众、信、则民任焉、敏、则有功、公则说。 | 【九節】寬則得眾、信、則民任焉、敏、則有功、公則說。 | kuān zé de zhòng xìn zé mín rèn yān mǐn zé yǒu gōng gōng zé shuō |
| CHAP. II. 1. Tsze-chang asked Confucius, saying, 'In what way should a person in authority act in order that he may conduct government properly?' The Master replied, 'Let him honour the five excellent, and banish away the four bad, things;-- then may he conduct government properly.' Tsze- chang said, 'What are meant by the five excellent things?' The Master said, 'When the person in authority is beneficent without great expenditure; when he lays tasks on the people without their repining; when he pursues what he desires without being covetous; when he maintains a dignified ease without being proud; when he is majestic without being fierce.' | 【第二章】【一节】子张问於孔子曰、何如、斯可以从政矣。子曰、尊五美、 屏四恶、斯可以从政矣。子张曰、何谓五美。子曰、君子惠、而不费、劳、 而不怨、欲、而不贪、泰、而不骄、威、而不猛。 | 【第二章】【一節】子張問於孔子曰、何如、斯可以從政矣。子曰、尊五美、 屏四惡、斯可以從政矣。子張曰、何謂五美。子曰、君子惠、而不費、勞、 而不怨、欲、而不貪、泰、而不驕、威、而不猛。 | zǐ zhāng wèn yú kǒngzǐ yuē hérú sī kěyǐ cóng zhèng yǐ zǐ yuē zūn wǔ měi bǐng sì è sī kěyǐ cóng zhèng yǐ zǐ zhāng yuē héwèi wǔ měi zǐ yuē jūnzǐ huì ér bù fèi láo ér bù yuàn yù ér bù tān tài ér bù jiāo wēi ér bù měng |
| 2. Tsze-chang said, 'What is meant by being beneficent without great expenditure?' The Master replied, 'When the person in authority makes more beneficial to the people the things from which they naturally derive benefit;-- is not this being beneficent without great expenditure? When he chooses the labours which are proper, and makes them labour on them, who will repine? When his desires are set on benevolent government, and he secures it, who will accuse him of covetousness? Whether he has to do with many people or few, or with things great or small, he does not dare to indicate any disrespect;-- is not this to maintain a dignified ease without any pride? He adjusts his clothes and cap, and throws a dignity into his looks, so that, thus dignified, he is looked at with awe;-- is not this to be majestic without being fierce?' | 【二节】子张曰、何谓惠 而不费。子曰、因民之所利而利之、斯不亦惠而不费乎、择可劳而劳之、又谁怨、欲仁而得仁、又焉贪、君子无 众寡、无小大、无敢慢、斯不亦泰而不骄乎、君子正其衣冠、尊其瞻视、俨 然人望而畏之、斯不亦威而不猛乎。 | 【二節】子張曰、何謂惠 而不費。子曰、因民之所利而利之、斯不亦惠而不費乎、擇可勞而勞之、又誰怨、欲仁而得仁、又焉貪、君子無 眾寡、無小大、無敢慢、斯不亦泰而不驕乎、君子正其衣冠、尊其瞻視、儼 然人望而畏之、斯不亦威而不猛乎。 | zǐ zhāng yuē héwèi huì ér bù fèi zǐ yuē yīn mín zhī suǒ lì ér lì zhī sī bù yì huì ér bù fèi hū zé kě láo ér láo zhī yòu shéi yuàn yù rén ér de rén yòu yān tān jūnzǐ wú zhòng guǎ wú xiǎo dà wú gǎn màn sī bù yì tài ér bù jiāo hū jūnzǐ zhēng qí yī guān zūn qí chān shì yǎn rán rén wàng ér wèi zhī sī bù yì wēi ér bù měng hū |
| 3. Tsze-chang then asked, 'What are meant by the four bad things?' The Master said, 'To put the people to death without having instructed them;-- this is called cruelty. To require from them, suddenly, the full tale of work, without having given them warning;-- this is called oppression. To issue orders as if without urgency, at first, and, when the time comes, to insist on them with severity;-- this is called injury. And, generally, in the giving pay or rewards to men, to do it in a stingy way;-- this is called acting the part of a mere official.' | 【三节】子张曰、何谓四恶。子曰、不 教而杀、谓之虐、不戒视成、谓之暴、慢令致期、谓之贼、犹 之与人也、出纳之吝、谓之有司。 | 【三節】子張曰、何謂四惡。子曰、不 教而殺、謂之虐、不戒視成、謂之暴、慢令致期、謂之賊、猶 之與人也、出納之吝、謂之有司。 | zǐ zhāng yuē héwèi sì è zǐ yuē bù jiāo ér shā wèi zhī nuè bù jiè shì chéng wèi zhī bào màn lìng zhì qī wèi zhī zéi yóu zhī yǔ rén yě chūnà zhī lìn wèi zhī yǒu sī |
| CHAP III. 1. The Master said, 'Without recognising the ordinances of Heaven, it is impossible to be a superior man. | 【第三章】【一节】子曰、不知命、无以为君子也。 | 【第三章】【一節】子曰、不知命、無以為君子也。 | zǐ yuē bùzhī mìng wú yǐwéi jūnzǐ yě |
| 2. 'Without an acquaintance with the rules of Propriety, it is impossible for the character to be established. | 【二节】不知礼、无以 立也。 | 【二節】不知禮、無以 立也。 | bùzhī lǐ wú yǐ lì yě |
| 3. 'Without knowing the force of words, it is impossible to know men.' | 【三节】不知言、无以知人也。 | 【三節】不知言、無以知人也。 | bùzhī yán wú yǐ zhī rén yě |