Lower Sorbian/Grammar/Further explanation of conjugatory matters

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General listing of verbal endings[edit | edit source]

present

past active part.

imperative

aorist/imperfect

1. sg.

-u; -m [1]

r.m:
r.ż.: -ła
r.n.: -ło

-

-ch

2. sg.

-‘; -i (-y)

-šo

3. sg.

-

-

-šo

1. du.

-mej

-łej

-‘mej; -mej

-chmej

2. du.

-tej

-‘tej; -tej

-štej

3. du.

-tej

-‘tej; -tej

-štej

1. pl.

-my

-li

-‘my; -my

-chmy

2. pl.

-śo

-śo

-šćo

3. pl.

-u

-

-chu

[1] the ending –u belongs to the 1st conjugation; the ending –m belong only to the 2nd and 3rd conjugations, alternatively also in the 1st conjugation

  • infinitive: -ś; -č; -c
  • supine: -t
  • verbal noun: -nje; -śe
  • past passive participle: ­-ny; -ty
  • present active participle: -cy

Complex tenses[edit | edit source]

Past tense[edit | edit source]

Appropriate personal form of present tense of byś + past active participle of given verb in an appropriate number and gender, e.g. som pšosył

Future tense[edit | edit source]

Appropriate personal form of future tense of byś + infinitive, e.g. budu pšosyś

Conditional mood[edit | edit source]

  • Present tense: particle by + past active participle in an appropriate number and gender, e.g. by pšosył
  • Past tense I: an appropriate form of auxiliary aorist of byś + past active participle in an appropriate number and gender, e.g. buch pšosył
  • Past tense II: particle by + past active participle of byś in an appropriate number and gender + past active participle in an appropriate number and gender, e.g. by był pšosył

Plusquamperfect tense[edit | edit source]

An appropriate personal form of imperfect of byś + past active participle of a given verb in an appropriate number and gender, e.g. běch pšosył