First Aid/CPR summary

 First Aid 

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Introduction — Issues in Providing Care — Primary Assessment & Basic Life Support — Secondary Assessment — Circulatory Emergencies

Respiratory Emergencies — Soft Tissue Injuries — Bone & Joint Injuries — Environmental Illness & Injury

Medical Conditions & Poisoning — Advanced Topics — Appendices — Meta content

 

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This is a summary of CPR procedure, intended as a reminder for those with previous CPR training.
It is not intended as a "teach yourself CPR" guide. It does not include the full details of CPR, which are included in the wikibook proper.  

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Area - check the area

Look for hazards. Hazards include split electrical wires, fire, unstable building structure or anything else that could present a risk to the responder. If there are hazards, remove them, or remove the victim from them if possible. If not, then retreat to a safe distance, call EMS and wait for their arrival. Make sure that you do not put yourself in danger. If you are near a road, ensure that you are clearly visible to traffic.

Put on gloves if you have them and use a Pocket Mask or Face Shield if you have access to them and need to give rescue breaths.

Awake - check level of consciousness

Does the victim respond to voice or painful stimulus?

If YES, check the victim for other conditions and call for help if necessary.

If NO, call EMS.

Ambulance - call EMS

Call EMS using a bystander if possible. If you're alone, and the victim is an adult (>8 years old), then leave the victim to call EMS yourself. If you're alone but the victim is a child (1-8 years old) or an infant (<1 year old), then continue; you'll call EMS later.

Obtain an AED and AED-trained responder if possible. If no AED-trained responder is available and an AED is available, obtain it and follow the voice prompts given by the AED and instructional pictures.

Airway - open the airway

Quickly remove any loose and obvious obstructions from the mouth. Then tilt the head back and lift the chin so the victim's jawline is perpendicular to the ground

Breathing - check for breathing

Correct position for CPR. The arms are fully extended and the thrusts are given from the hips.

Is the victim breathing?

If YES, place the victim in the Recovery position and call for help unless a spinal injury is suspected in which it is crucial to not move the patient. If the patient vomits, however, it is more important to roll them over to their side while holding the back, neck, and head stable.

If NO, give 30 chest compressions, then 2 rescue breaths. Reapeat cycle until EMS arrive, victim breathes, until you are too exhasted to continue, or a certified MD pronounces the victim dead.

Compressions - begin compressions

CPR Table

Age Group	Adult	Child	Infant
Single-Person	30-2	30-2	30-2
Two-Person	30-2	15-2	15-2
Technique	Both hands	One hand	Two fingers

• Adult technique: top hand pulls bottom hand's fingers back while also applying pressure.
• Rescue Breaths are given at a rate of 2-3 seconds between breaths.
• Compressions are at a rate of 100 per minute.
• Hand/finger placement is just below the nipple line and above the bottom of the breast bone, just slightly to the (victim's) left.
• After 5 cycles (approx. 2 minutes) call EMS if you haven't done so already (in the case of children or infants). If a bystander is available, get them to call immediately upon arrival. If they have to leave the area to contact EMS, tell the bystander to return to you and inform you of the ETA of the EMS.

Continue CPR until emergency help takes over, the victim moves or takes a breath, or you are too exhausted to continue. If an AED and AED-trained responder arrives on the scene, it will have priority on the over CPR. Continue CPR until the AED operator asks you to stop.

 

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Primary Assessment & Basic Life Support 

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Emergency First Aid & Initial Action Steps — A for Airway — B for Breathing — C for Compressions — D for Deadly Bleeding