Esperanto/Appendix J
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[edit] Table of Affixes
[edit] Prefixes
| Prefix | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| bo- | Relative by marriage, in-law | patrino (mother) -> bopatrino (Mother-in-law) |
| dis- | Separation, dispersal, dismemberment | sendi (send) -> dissendi (broadcast) iĝi (become) -> disiĝi (disintegrate, separate) |
| ek- | momentary, sudden, commencement, beginning of action or brief lasting action | ami (to love) -> ekami (to fall in love) brili (to shine) -> ekbrilis (flash) |
| eks— | Former, ex- | reĝo (king) -> eksreĝo (ex-king) |
| fi— | Filthy, disgusting | mensa (mind) -> fimensa (dirty-minded) |
| ge— | Both sexes together | patro (father) -> gepatroj (parents) |
| mal— | Direct opposite, in- | bona (good) -> malbona (bad) |
| mis— | Wrong, mis- | kompreni (to understand) -> miskompreni (to misunderstand) |
| pra— | Primordiality, remoteness of relationship | historio (history) -> prahistorio (history of the past) |
| re— | Return, repetition, re- | legi (read) -> relegi (to reread) |
[edit] Suffixes
| Suffix | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -aĉ- | wretched, vile, awful | infano (child) -> infanaĉo (brat) |
| -ad- | (adds the idea of action) repeated or habitual action | naĝo (a swim) -> naĝado (swimming); brili (to shine) -> briladis (kept on shining) |
| -aĵ- | denotes concrete idea | nova (new) -> novaĵo (news) |
| -an- | member of a group or inhabitant of a country | klubo (club) -> klubano (member of club) |
| -ar- | collection of several similar things | arbo (tree) -> arbaro (forest) |
| -ebl- | denotes possibility, -able, -ible | aŭdi (to hear) -> aŭdebla (audible) |
| -ec- | denotes quality or abstract state, -ship, -ness | amiko (friend) -> amikeco (friendship) |
| -eg- | great in size or degree | granda (big) -> grandega (enormous) |
| -ej- | place where an action occurs | lerni (to learn) -> lernejo (school) |
| -em- | denotes an inclination, bent, bias, proclivity, leaning, -full | paroli (to talk) -> parolema (talkative) |
| -end- | which-must-be-done | solvi (to solve) -> solvenda problemo (problem which must be solved) |
| -er- | denotes element or unit of whole | mono (money) -> monero (coin) |
| -estr- | leader, head, "boss", ruler, commander, chief | hotelo (hotel) -> hotelestro (hotel manager) |
| -et- | dimunitive; weakens the idea of the root to a high degree | ŝtono (stone) -> ŝtoneto (pebble) |
| -id- | offspring of living creatures | hundo (dog) -> hundido (puppy) |
| -ig- | make, cause to be, render, -ify | malseka (wet) -> malsekigi (to make wet) |
| -iĝ- | become, come to be, get, grow, turn | malseka (wet) -> malsekiĝi (to get wet; to become wet) |
| -il- | object used to perform an action, appliance, tool, implement, instrument | skribi (to write) -> skribilo (anything used for writing) |
| -in- | denotes female, feminine | patro (father) -> patrino (mother) |
| -ind- | worthy of, deserving of | fido (trust) -> fidinda (trustworthy)
amo (love) -> aminda (lovable, deserving of love) |
| -ing- | holder for one object (sheath, socket, stand) | plumo (pen) -> plumingo (pen holder) |
| -ism- | doctrine, movement, theory, system,-ism | Budho (Buddha) -> Budhismo (Buddhism) |
| -ist- | person connected with the root, usually by profession | dento (tooth) -> dentisto (dentist) |
| -obl- | denotes multiplication, -ple | duo (two) -> duobla (twofold) |
| -on- | denotes fraction, -th | kvar (four) -> kvarono (quarter, fourth) |
| -op- | collective | kvar (four) -> kvaropo (quartet), kvarope (four abreast, by fours) |
| -uj- | container, receptacle, holder (also countries) | inko (ink) -> inkujo (inkwell) |
| -ul- | denotes individual (person) | juna (young) -> junulo (youth) |
| -um- | no definite meaning: sense is defined by usage or context | malvarma (cold) -> malvarmumo (a cold); mano (hand) -> manumo (cuff) |
| -ĉj- | affectionate ending (male) | patro (father) -> paĉjo (daddy) |
| -nj- | affectionate ending (female) | patro (father) -> panjo (mommy) |
^ Esperanto ^ | Appendix J: Table of Affixes
