English/Teaching/ESL/EFL Lesson Plans/IFTC Jump into English Textbook (Teacher's Manual)

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Contents 1 Group Broadcasting 2 Group Newspaper 3 My Jump Into English Yearbook 4 Reading 4.1 Hints 4.2 Context Clues 4.3 Extensive Reading 4.4 Questioning/Predicting 4.5 Question-Answer Relationship 4.6 Student Workbook Reading Material 5 Writing 5.1 Hints 5.2 Group Story / Word Story 5.3 Speech Writing 5.4 Folded Story 5.5 Five Line Poem 5.6 Diamante Poem 5.7 ABC Story 5.8 10 Questions 5.9 Nomics 6 Decision Making 6.1 Moon Survival 6.2 Courtroom 6.3 Airport / Going on Vacation 6.4 Two Situations 6.5 What’s in a Job 7 Problem Solving 7.1 Cryptology 7.2 Negotiating 7.3 Think Bowl 7.4 Detective Work 7.5 Situational Puzzles 8 Situational English 8.1 Drama and Acting 8.2 Meteorology 8.3 Restaurant 8.4 At a Party 8.5 Strangers on a Train 9 Speaking 9.1 Hints 9.2 Ifs 9.3 Debate Class 9.4 Speaking Skills 9.5 Get to Know Your Classmates 9.6 In My Opinion 9.7 Free Conversation 9.8 The Sport Star Interview 10 Media 10.1 Hints 10.2 Advertising 10.3 Internet EFL Scavenger Hunt 10.4 Song Gap Fill and Discussion 10.5 Understanding Song 10.6 Sight and Sound 10.7 Movie Visual Response 10.8 Extensive Viewing 11 My Jump Into English Diary 12 EFL Resources 12.1 Hints 12.2 EFL Resources 12.2.1 General & Links 12.2.2 Reading & Listening 12.2.3 English Newspapers 12.2.4 Quizzes 12.2.5 Dictionaries

[edit] Group Broadcasting

Objectives: To provide an opportunity for every student to practice their public speaking skills. Materials needed:

• Student Workbook
• Pencils / Pens

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: No special preparation is needed for this activity.

Warm Up (<5 minutes): This activity will be very academic and the students will be sitting for the most of it. Get the students to stand up and stretch before you begin.

Activity (30 minutes): Tell the students they will be writing and performing a ten- minute radio show featuring an introduction, a weather report, a celebrity interview, a news story, and a sign off. Make it clear that each student must play a role. Be sure to demonstrate how fun and useful it is to act a part (i.e. Pretending to be someone else helps to overcome shyness, practicing pronunciation of dialogue improves speaking skills, and so on). The Student Workbook illustrates the script structure, and provides useful vocabulary for some of the broadcast. Briefly explain the ideas of word stress and sentence intonation. This step should take approximately 5 minutes.

Put students into groups:

• 2 students for the introduction and signoff
• 3 students for the weather report
• 2 students for the celebrity interview
• 3 students for the news

You may let the students choose their topics or you can assign them directly. Using the workbook they must work together to draft their part of the script. Each group should aim to fill three minutes of speaking. Walk around assisting in the development of their scripts, correcting grammar when necessary. Provide ideas if they are creatively stumped. This step should take approximately 15 minutes.

Once they have finished the scripts have them copy their text to the worksheets at the end of the lesson. Have them start practice reading their role. Circulate and ensure they are practicing the speech sounds correctly. Pronounce words and sentences for them, pointing out stress patterns and intonation. This step should take approximately 15 minutes.

Finally, have the class do a complete uninterrupted practice performance. Ensure that you have the students understand the order that they are speaking in. There is a spot on the worksheet to help organize the order of speaking. Try and provide the segue phrases connecting the different parts of the show and, if available, some short clips of music. This step should take approximately 10 minutes.

Group Broadcasting

You are a special news team and are making a radio show. You will work together with your class to write your show and then practice performing it. Together as a class you will present it to the other students of the Jump Into English program.

Use this part of your workbook to help you write what you will say on your show. When you are done, copy the dialogue to the script worksheets at the end of this section. They will be easier to read when you produce the show. Introduction:

There are 2 students in your group. One student will perform the introduction and the other will perform the signoff.

What is the name of your radio show?

Say hello and describe your show to the audience. Remember to introduce all the members of your show.

Here is an example of how you might begin: “Good morning everyone! The presenters on today’s show are Bobby, Peter, Sally…”Weather report

Here are some words that will help you talk about the weather:

Hot Cold Warm Cool Rain Snow Sunny Cloudy Ice Storm Humid Temperature Dry Wet Overcast Summer Fall Winter Spring Thunder Lightning Clear skies Flood Wind

There are 3 students in your group. Each student must pick a day (yesterday, today, tomorrow) and write what the weather was, is, or will be like. Also say something that would be fun to do because of the weather.

What season will it be?

Yesterday…

Today…

Tomorrow…Celebrity interview

There are 2 students in your group. One will pretend to be the interviewer and ask the questions. The other will pretend to be the celebrity and answer the questions. You must write 2 questions and 2 answers.

Who is the star on your show?

Why are they famous?

Here is an example of a question to ask the celebrity:

Interviewer: Thank you for talking with us (name of star). How was your day?

Her is an example of the answer the celebrity would give:

Celebrity: Very good. Thank you for inviting me on your show.

Write two more questions to ask the celebrity and then the answers they will give. Interviewer Question 1:

Celebrity Answer 1:

Interviewer Question 2:

Celebrity Answer 2:News Headlines

There are 2 students in your group. Each of you must write a news headline and a short sentence about it.

Here is an example of what you might write:

Headline: Man bitten by dog!

Story: A man was bitten by a dog while hiking up the mountain. The man is okay but the dog has not been found.

Headline 1:

Story 1:

Headline 2:

Story 2:

Signoff

There are 2 students in your group. One student will perform the introduction and the other will perform the signoff. The signoff is the same as goodbye.

What is the name of your radio show?

Thank the audience for listening to your show.

Say goodbye to the audience.

Worksheet

I am speaker number ______________

[edit] Group Newspaper

The purpose of this activity is to create a newspaper about the homeroom class. This is a chance for the students to report on the news that has happened and activities they have done since they’ve been a part of the Jump Into English program. Also, they can express their feelings about the program in a public medium that will be read by future students. Follow the lesson plan on the following pages to guide your class through the process of creating and producing the newspaper. The Student Workbook provides pages for rough work.

Group Newspaper

Objectives: To give students the opportunity to report the news and express their feelings about the program in a public medium that will be read by future students. Materials needed:

• Blackboard
• Chalk/Marker
• Poster Board
• Markers, Crayons, etc
• White A4 Paper
• Glue sticks
• Strong clear tape
• Scissors
• Optional: Colored paper, The Teen Times, previous

newspapers Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: Prepare the above materials to be used in class. Arrange desks for groups of 2-3 students.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Explain to students the objective of the lesson and show examples of previous weeks’ newspapers posted on the wall. If there are no previous newspapers available, use The Teen Times or a newspaper from the high school program.

Have the students get up out of their seats to look at the previous newspapers for ideas of articles/sections.

Activity (30 minutes): Have students explain what types of articles/sections they saw in the previous weeks’ newspapers. The teacher should write these on the board. The teacher should then ask the students if they have any other ideas of their own to add to the list. The following is a list of supplemental ideas or articles/sections:

• Material from the group broadcast
• Weather
• Students comments about the program
• Interview with homeroom teacher
• Music, movie, or book review
• Quizzes, Jokes, Comics
• Advertising

From the list on the board, the students should choose articles/sections to write. There should be two to three students assigned to an article/section. Additionally, one student should be chosen to be the editor to assist the teacher in the layout and production of the whole newspaper. The editor should also choose and write out the title of the newspaper at the top of the poster board while the other students are writing their articles.

The students should get into their groups (the two to three students who are assigned to the same article/section form a group) to produce a rough draft of their article/section on a blank Worksheet in their textbook. While the students are working on their articles/sections, the teacher should walk around the classroom to help the groups with individual problems such as grammar, spelling, word choice, etc.

When students finish their rough draft, the teacher should have the students work on a blank piece of A4 paper to write their final draft using the available art supplies. Make sure that each article/section has a headline and authors’ names. If the students have not started on their final draft when there are approximately 20 minutes remaining in the class, the teacher should help them along to finish in time.

Once the final drafts are finished, the editor should cut out, layout, and paste the pages onto the poster board. If necessary, an artistic student can add artwork where there is white space on the poster board. When the newspaper is completed, it should be taped up outside the classroom.

Summary (5 minutes): While showing the class the completed newspaper, briefly review the objective of the lesson. Emphasize that future students of the program will be reading their newspaper and that by creating the newspaper they have left a record of their class.

Group Newspaper

During this activity you will create a newspaper about your class. This is your chance to report on the news that has happened and activities you have done since being a part of the Jump Into English program. Also, you can express your feelings about the program in a public medium that will be read by future students.

Use the Worksheet pages in this section of the book to write your newspaper articles. Remember to copy of your work to a blank piece of A4 paper (provided by your teacher). You will be gluing it onto a poster board to display to the rest of the students.

[edit] My Jump Into English Yearbook

Yearbook

The purpose of this activity is to create a yearbook for your homeroom class. This is a chance for the students to write to each other about their time together at the Jump Into English program. They can exchange personal information to help them stay in touch with the new friends they’ve made. There is no set lesson plan for this activity but it does require access to a digital camera, basic photo editing software, computers, and printers. On day 1 of the program set aside time to take digital photographs of all the students and teachers. Use their classroom and student numbers to help organize the files. Following this you must find the time to edit the photographs for color, dimensions, and resolution. Each teacher should receive a file with all ten student photographs and one teacher photograph. During the yearbook activity you can print out this file so that each student has a copy of all the pictures. Using your art supplies, have the students cut out the photographs and paste them into their workbooks. They can then share workbooks and write to each other in the blank profiles.

My Jump Into English Yearbook

I would like to say: Name: _____________ Email: ___________________ Cell phone: ________________

I would like to say: Name: _____________ Email: ___________________ Cell phone: ________________

[edit] Reading

[edit] Hints

A little every day…

Read the newspaper every day. You don’t have to read everything. Read the headlines and the first paragraphs.

Always carry an English book with you. When you have to wait somewhere, you can do a little reading.

When you are reading a novel, it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word. As long as you get the general idea of the page you are reading, then keep reading

When you are watching an English DVD, put on the English subtitles. You can practice your reading and listening at the same time.

Start a reading circle. You and your friends can read the same book. Then you can get together and talk about the book (in English of course).

[edit] Context Clues

Objectives: To introduce a reading strategy that will increase the student’s understanding of texts. Students will learn how to guess the meaning of words through context, understand the importance of making connections and thinking about the text while they read. They will be given the opportunity to use the reading strategy and will write a journal entry on the effectiveness of the strategy. Materials needed:

• Teachers need the handout with the problem paragraph.
• Teachers should have an article that is slightly beyond

the students’ reading ability to show when this strategy is important Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Write this example sentence on the board: "Tom decided that he really needed the glockum if he were to solve the problem". Ask students what they do if they are reading an English text and do not understand a specific word. Ask students what they do if they are reading a text in their native language and do not understand a specific word. Ask students what 'glockum' means. Once students have established that they don't know what a 'glockum' is, ask them to guess at what it might be. Ask students what part of speech a 'glockum' is (i.e. verb, noun, preposition etc.). Have students explain how they arrived at their guesses, which clues did they use? Explain the concept of reading in "chunks" i.e. looking at the text surrounding the unknown word for clues.

Activity (30 minutes): Show the students an article from an advanced level magazine (Wired, National Geographic, The Economist etc.). Ask students to identify the probable vocabulary areas that may be used in the example article. Explain the importance of activating vocabulary by first quickly glancing at the text to be read. This idea is very important, as the brain will begin to focus on related concepts thus preparing the student for what is to be read. Point out that by using all of these clues (i.e. "chunking", part of speech, logical deduction, vocabulary activation), students can arrive at a much fuller understanding of difficult texts - even if they do not understand each word. Have students divide into small groups and complete the worksheet.

Reading Clues Worksheet:

1. Deduction - What is the sentence about? Which words does the unknown word seem to relate to? 2. Part of Speech - Which part of speech is the unknown word? Is it a verb, noun, preposition, adjective, time expression or something else? 3. Chunking - What do the words around the unknown word(s) mean? How could the unknown word(s) relate to those words? - This is basically deduction on a more local level. 4. Vocabulary Activation - When quickly skimming through the text, what does the text seem to be about? Does the layout (design) of the text give any clues? Does the type of book give any clues to what the text might be about? Which words can you think of that belong to this vocabulary category?

Make logical guesses about the meaning of the unknown words in the following paragraph.

Jack quickly entered the didot and cleaned the various misturaes he had been using to repair the wuipit. He had often thought that this job was extremely yullning. However, he had to admit that this time things seemed to be a bit easier. When he finished, he put on his redick and went back to the study to relax. He took out his favourite pipe and settled into the beautiful new pogtry. What a fantastic schnappy he had made when he had bought the pogtry. Only 300 yagmas!

What could a 'didot' be? What part of speech is 'misturaes'? If Jack used the 'misturaes' to repair the 'wuipit' what do you think the 'mistraes' must be? What could 'yulling' mean? - What part of speech is often used with an ending '-ing '? Which synonym could be used for ' yulling '?

• fun
• difficult
• expensive

What type of things do you put on? Based on the above question, what kind of thing must a 'redick' be? Is a 'pogtry' used inside or outside? Which words let you know that the 'pogtry' was cheap? What must 'yagmas' be?

• Clothes
• Cigarette type
• Type of money

Summary (5 minutes): The teacher and students should talk about the usefulness of the strategy. The teacher should encourage the students to use the strategy both while reading texts in Korean as well as English. Students should be reminded to think while they read.

[edit] Extensive Reading

Objectives: To introduce a reading strategy that will increase the student’s understanding of texts. Students will understand the importance of making connections and thinking about the text while they read. Students will be shown the importance of scanning texts to find answers to questions. Students will be given the opportunity to use the reading strategy. Students will write a journal entry on the effectiveness of the strategy. Materials needed:

• Teachers will need reading material for the students to

teach the reading strategy. The teacher will need enough newspaper pages for each student to get one (there should 2 or 3 complete articles on each page). One is also needed for the teaching of the strategy (each student needs a copy of this one, as well as one for the teacher). This is important for the strategy. Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: Arrange the tables in such a way that all the newspaper pages can be displayed and read at once.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Teachers should question the students about their reading habits…

• what they read
• when they read
• why they read

Ask the students if they are good readers. Also, you should ask about their newspaper reading habits. Find out how often and how the students read the newspaper.

Ask a question based on the ‘teaching newspaper’. The question should be one that is easily found through a quick scan of the paper. The student who finds the answer first should be awarded.

Try to go through a number of questions. Then have one of the students come up with a question. The question should be written on the board and the class given the opportunity to answer the question.

Activity (30 minutes): Each student is given one of the articles and asked to come up with two questions based on the articles on their page. The question must be one that can only be answered by reading the article. The students give the newspaper page and the questions to the teacher. Write all of the questions on the board. The newspaper pages are laid out on the tables so that all of them can be read easily. The students then need to find the answers to each of the questions on board.

The activity ends when the first student answers all the questions.

Summary (5 minutes): Discuss the usefulness of the strategy. Encourage the students to use the strategy both while reading texts in Korean as well as English. The students should share their strategies for finding which page had the right articles. Students should be reminded to use this strategy in their daily reading.

What I know/What I want to Know

Objectives: To introduce a reading strategy that will increase the student’s understanding of texts. Students will understand the importance of making connections and thinking about the text while they read. Students will be shown the importance of scanning texts to find answers to questions. Students will be given the opportunity to use the reading strategy. Students will write a journal entry on the effectiveness of the strategy. Materials needed:

• Teachers will need reading material for the students to

teach the reading strategy. The teacher will need one more text than the number of students in the class. One is needed for the teaching of the strategy and the others for the students to practice. Room should be provided next to the text for students to write what they know about the topic and some questions they would like answered about the topic. The texts should have a number of short paragraphs. This is important for the strategy. Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Teachers should question the students about their reading habits…

• what they read
• when they read
• why they read

Ask the students if they are good readers. Continue by asking the students about their favorite things, sports, or activities. Enquire as to whether the students have read anything about their favorite things. Students should be encouraged to share what they know about their favorite things. Make it clear that the students know a lot of things.

Activity (30 minutes): Hand out the first article (one to each student). Elicit from the class what they know about the topic of the article. What they know should be written on the board under the heading— “What We Know”. Then gather some questions from the class about what they would like to learn about the topic in the article. The questions should be put under the heading—“What We Want to Know”.

The students read the first article underlining all the things they find that they knew. The students need to circle the answers they find to their questions.

The class discusses what they found in the articles and about the answers they found. If there are any answers that were not found, the class can ask the teacher for help in finding the answers.

Hand out the second article (each group should get a different article). The students should make their own lists of things they know and questions they want answered. The students should read the article and mark it the same way they did before and then share with the other groups what they have learned. New groups should be formed so that each group has one representative for each article.

Answer any questions that the students have after they have finished their readings.

Summary (5 minutes): Discuss the usefulness of the strategy. Encourage the students to use the strategy both while reading texts in Korean as well as English. Students should be reminded to think while they read.

[edit] Questioning/Predicting

Objectives: To introduce a reading strategy that will increase the student’s understanding of texts. Students will understand the importance of making connections and thinking about the text while they read. Students will be given the opportunity to use the reading strategy. Students will write a journal entry on the effectiveness of the strategy. Materials needed:

• Teachers will need reading material for the students to

teach the reading strategy. Two different texts will be needed. One is needed for the teaching of the strategy and one for the students to practice. Room should be provided next to the text for students to write their questions and predictions in the margin. The texts should have a number of short paragraphs. This is important for the strategy.

• A short piece of text is needed for the warm-up.

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Teachers should question the students about their reading habits…

• what they read
• when they read
• why they read

Ask the students if they are good readers. Hand out the short text and then ask the students to read it. Ask the students to turn over the article and then ask them to summarize it verbally to the class. Regardless of the students’ ability to summarize, the teacher should tell the students that their comprehension can be improved and that the teacher can help them.

Activity (30 minutes): Hand out one of the texts and explain the reading strategy:

The question and prediction strategy is very simple. The students will alternately create questions or make predictions about the paragraph they are going to read. The first step is for the students to read the title of the text and make a prediction about what the first paragraph will tell them. After reading the first paragraph, they write down a question they want answered by the text. The student reads the second paragraph. After reading the second paragraph, they make a prediction about the third paragraph. They read the third paragraph and then write another question that they want the article to answer. This format continues as the students read the text.

Go through the first text together with the class. Check if the students understand the strategy. Give the students the second text and have them practice the strategy as an independent exercise.

Summary (5 minutes): Talk about the usefulness of the strategy. Encourage the students to use the strategy both while reading texts in Korean as well as English. Students should be reminded to think while they read.

[edit] Question-Answer Relationship

Objectives: To introduce a reading strategy that will increase the student’s understanding of texts. Students will understand the importance of making connections and thinking about the text while they read. Students will be given the opportunity to use the reading strategy. Students will write a journal entry on the effectiveness of the strategy. Materials needed:

• Teachers will need reading material for the students to

teach the reading strategy. Two different texts will be needed. One is needed for the teaching of the strategy and one for the students to practice. Room should be provided next to the text for students to write the types of questions being asked and the answers. The text should include a number of paragraphs. The teacher should pre- read the text to find out if all the types of questions are in the text. This is important for the strategy. Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Teachers should question the students about their reading habits…

• what they read
• when they read
• why they read

Ask the students if they are good readers. Hand out the short text and ask the students to read it. Ask the students to turn over the article and then ask them some questions (involving the four types of questions). The teacher should remark how these are the types of questions used on reading comprehension tests. Regardless of the students’ ability to answer the questions, the teacher should tell the students that their comprehension can be improved and that the teacher can help them.

Activity (30 minutes): Hand out one of the texts and explain the reading strategy:

Question-Answer Relationship or QAR (Raphael, 1982; 1986) is a great way to help students figure out how to go about answering questions based on a given text. Often students assume that every question’s answer is directly stated somewhere in the text, if only they look hard enough. Thus, many students spend far too much time looking for answers that are not “right there,” and their frustration mounts. Teaching our students the four basic question-answer relationships is a valuable strategy that will help them to understand the different types of questions and know how to effectively and efficiently approach the text based on the different question types. Helping students to analyze the question-answer relationships will enable them to become skillful at analyzing the types of questions that they are typically asked to respond to when reading a text. The four question-answer relationships are as follows:

1. Right There Questions: “Right There” questions require you to go back to the passage and find the correct information to answer the question. These are sometimes called literal questions because the correct answer can be found somewhere in the passage. “Right There” questions sometimes include the words, “According to the passage…” “How many…” “Who is…” “Where is…” “What is…”

2. Think and Search Questions: “Think and Search” question usually require you to think about how ideas or information in the passage relate to each other. You will need to look back at the passage, find the information that the question refers to, and then think about how the information or ideas fit together. “Think and Search” questions sometimes include the words, “The main idea of the passage…” “What caused…” “Compare/contrast…”

3. Author and You Questions: “Author and You” questions require you to use ideas and information that is not stated directly in the passage to answer the question. These questions require you to think about what you have read and formulate your own ideas or opinions. “Author and You” questions sometimes include the words, “The author implies…” “The passage suggests…” “The speaker’s attitude..,”

4. On My Own Questions: “On My Own” questions can be answered using your background knowledge on a topic. This type of question does not usually appear on tests of reading comprehension because it does not require you to refer to the passage. “On My Own” questions sometimes include the words, “In your opinion…” Based on your experience…” “Think about someone/something you know…”

Go through the first text together with the class. Check if the students understand the strategy. Give the students the second text and have them practice the strategy as an independent exercise.

Summary (5 minutes): Talk about the usefulness of the strategy. Encourage the students to use the strategy both while reading texts in Korean as well as English. Students should be reminded to think while they read.

[edit] Student Workbook Reading Material

Kong Ming and the 10,000 Arrows Stephen Suen (1993 - Pres.)

A long time ago, in China, the country was separated into three kingdoms, each kingdom fighting for full control of China. In one state, there was a general named Zhou Yu, who was planning to burn his enemy's ships with fiery arrows. But their supplies were low, and they were surrounded by enemies so they couldn't re-supply. How would his army get enough arrows to burn the ships?

In Zhou Yu's camp there was a military strategist named Kong Ming. He was one of China's greatest war strategists, and was known for his cleverness. But Zhou Yu did not like Kong Ming very much, and did not want to admit that Kong Ming was the smarter of the two. So he called Kong Ming over to his tent.

"Kong Ming, if you really are so clever, I want you to get me 10,000 arrows in a week -- or I shall have you beheaded!" Zhou Yu demanded loudly. "Now get out of my sight!"

Kong Ming smiled. "I'll get the arrows in 3 days. Just let me borrow 20 boats."

After Kong Ming left Zhou Yu's tent, Zhou Yu appointed one of his personal guards to follow Kong Ming and report his actions.

The first day, Kong Ming spent the whole day drinking wine with his friends. The same thing happened the second day.

"What is this?" Zhou Yu demanded, "All he does with his precious time is drink. He will never be able to get those 10,000 arrows!"

On the night of the third day, Kong Ming ordered his men to build men made of straw, and post them up around each boat. Then the 20 boats sailed toward the enemy fortress.

The next day Kong Ming was ordered to Zhou Yu's tent, where a guard was ready with a large sword used for execution.

"Wait," Kong Ming chuckled, and his men brought in the 10,000 arrows. Zhou Yu was in total shock, and coughed out blood because he was so angry.

"How -- how?" Zhou Yu asked.

"I asked my men to post up fake soldiers made of straw on the boats, and when the boats sailed into enemy territory, they were welcomed by the arrows. The arrows were caught in the straw men and my men sailed away with the 10,000 arrows," Kong Ming replied, and left the tent, victorious.

(Based on a tale from "The Three Kingdoms.")

Bonsai

For many years the Chinese and Japanese have practiced the unusual hobby of making tiny trees. This hobby, called bonsai (bon - si), probably began in ancient China to show admiration for trees growing on mountains or cliffs. The gardeners appreciate how these trees have struggled under harsh growing conditions in order to survive. Because of strong wind, poor soil, and the need to root in tiny cracks, full-grown trees look small and twisted. Bonsai gardeners try to create trees that look like old twisted trees to honor such determination and will to survive.

To produce these tiny trees, gardeners select a tree, such as an evergreen, maple, larch, or beech. The gardeners put seeds, cuttings, or a very young sapling in a tray made of shallow earthenware. The future tree needs to be placed off-center so that it can be more easily pruned, or trimmed and cut, into an irregular shape.

Once the tree is planted, the gardeners shape it by wrapping branches with wire to force their growth in a certain direction. In this way, the gardeners can make almost any shape they like over time. One branch can spread sideways, for example. Other branches can stay short and close to the dwarf trunk.

Once the tree is established, gardeners must also control the rate of growth. They do this by sometimes re-potting the bonsai. Each time, they skillfully prune just the right roots to reduce growth and produce the tiny, twisted branches.

Fully grown bonsai, which would normally be 15 or 20 foot trees, range from barely two inches to an average of two feet. They take at least five years to create. With this much time and care required, it's not surprising that the gardener is proud of the grown bonsai as a work of art. It honors those qualities that have enabled trees in nature to survive by barely hanging on.

Bullying

It’s been a year now since I tried to commit suicide, but it seems like much longer because I have grown so much since then. I started feeling depressed when I was about 14. I was getting bullied in school and had been for a while. I used to hate school and every morning I had a fight with my mum because I didn't want to go, at the time she did not know how I felt or that I was getting bullied because I didn't tell her, I didn't tell anyone.

I don't know why I got bullied, (does anyone) I suppose they saw me as an easy target because I was quiet and I liked different music to them. While they were all listen to pop music like "Spice Girls" and "Steps" I was listening to rock music like "Guns n Roses" and "Oasis", but this should not have been a problem because I did not criticizes their taste in music, in fact I didn't give them any reason to bully me.

I was not just the same people bullying me all the time it was like different people once one group of friends in the school got fed up picking on me, another would start I just couldn't cope anymore, I thought I was alone and started to believe what the bullies were saying, that I was "ugly" an "a freak".

Eventually I had had enough and one day after school I went home feeling really depressed, I just went straight up to my room and sat and cried for hours and hours, I felt I that no one cared for me and there was no point in living and about 9 o'clock that night my mum and dad went out, my brothers were in friends so I was in the house alone. I sat and thought for a while, I was really confused I just sat thinking and dreading the fact that I would have to go to school tomorrow, then something just clicked and I thought am not going to school tomorrow or ever, so I went downstairs, I did not really think about what I was doing at the time I was just looking for an easy way out, but unfortunately I chose the wrong way.

Eventually I had had enough and one day after school I went home feeling really depressed, I just went straight up to my room and sat and cried for hours and hours, I felt I that no one cared for me and there was no point in living and about 9 o'clock that night my mum and dad went out, and my brothers were with friends so I was in the house alone. I sat and thought for a while, I was really confused I just sat thinking and dreading the fact that I would have to go to school tomorrow, then something just clicked and I thought am not going to school tomorrow or ever, so I went downstairs, I did not really think about what I was doing at the time I was just looking for an easy way out, but unfortunately I chose the wrong way.

I went into the medicine cabinet and just grabbed as many tablets as I could find and swallowed them. I went back upstairs and lay in bed, I had never felt so scared in my life, I just lay there numb crying and regretting what I had just done I started thinking about mum and dad and how they would feel if I died, but I was too scared to tell anyone so I fell asleep at about 5 o'clock in the morning and mum woke me up at 7, for a moment I forgot what I had done and then realized, I felt so sick I vomited a few times but still didn't tell anyone, I just got ready and went to school, as soon as I walked into my classroom my teacher asked me if I was ok, I started crying and walked out, I went to my head of year and told her everything, because at this point I was so scared that I was going to die.

My mum and dad were called and I was taken to hospital, everything happened so quick in the hospital they rushed me in and did all kind of blood and other tests and asked me loads and loads of questions about what I had taken and how many and why? When the results come back they said that I was very lucky, and that if I wouldn't have told anyone I might have died, then they said that there was nothing they could do but wait until the tablets cleared out of my system but they said I would be OK because I did not take very many parocetamol (which is what kills your organs) and they kept me in for a few days until they were sure that it was out of my body.

I regret so much trying to kill myself and would advice anyone against it because it does not solve anything it is much better if you talk about your problems and confront them, I realized this too late. Thinking back I can't believe I tried take my life because of bullies, I have shown them now that they can't get to me anymore because I know that I am better than them and with help from my family I am now a confident person.

I will be taking my GCSE's June of this year and I know that I will do well. I am now a different person and don't have time for bullies in my life even if they do say the occasional comment I just laugh and walk away because it is them that are freaks not me. I hope my story will convince someone that suicide is not the way out and it is better to talk about your problems with a friend or family or even a help line. There is hope, believe me. Just remember that you are a special, unique, worthwhile person and don't ever let anyone else tell you different.

Computers in the classroom

Kids are going all over the world without ever leaving their school. They are using their computers. A school in California could be the most wired school in America. They are wired to the Internet through their computers.

Thirty students are able to use the Internet every day. The kids are between the grades of kindergarten and fifth grade. The teacher says that it is hard to get them away from the computers. They do not even want to go to recess.

The Internet has opened the world to many people. Now students can go to any library on earth. They can get information. They can visit a child in another country.

Laura Bacon likes to visit with other students. She's going to Peggy's page. Peggy is a school student in London, England. She put her own home page on the Internet. It includes pictures of Peggy, her school, her mom, dad and friends. You can send her email, too.

A scientist helped to wire the school. He says, "There is a plan to connect 12 thousand California schools to the Internet."

Wiring schools in California will cost a lot of money. It needs to be done on volunteer effort or schools will not be able to afford it. They think that it will cost as much as fifty billion dollars.

Some people say that the money should be spent on teachers instead of computers. While some people say that it would be worth it to wire all of the classrooms.

Handle exams with confidence.

Advice and help for all students. Learn how to avoid exam stress and tension, and how to revise and prepare for examinations.

For those of us who are studying at school or college, the time of exams is very stressful and difficult. Some people find exam time so bad they become ill, because:

• They are afraid of failing.
• They are afraid of letting their parents and family down.
• The hard work of study and reviewing* damages their

health. (*learning again from your notes and books - going back over what you have studied)

If exams are really making you ill, worried, or depressed, don't hide your feelings. Talk to someone about it. In some cultures, people think it is wrong to share their feelings and worries with others. But this is the only way to get help!

In Britain, there is a saying, 'A problem shared is a problem halved.' So you must find someone to talk to about these problems.

Maybe you can speak to a friend, or someone in your family (or teachers at your place of study, or a doctor). If one person doesn't help you, ask someone else. If you feel very desperate, look at our suicide page, which also gives a link to BEFRIENDERS telephone numbers in different countries. They provide someone you can talk to, in confidence. Also look at our page on fear and worry.

Different people deal with exams in different ways: Peter, 17,about to take exams in chemistry, biology and math, says "different people deal with exams in different ways". "There is so much pressure placed on you to pass exams. I feel I would be letting my parents and my brother down if I didn't do well." His answer to the problem is: "Stay on top of the work." He recommends, "I don't just sit there and read. I try to condense (make short) my notes, by making new notes of the important points. Then I can read through it faster in the last few days."

Louise, 18, taking English Literature, media studies and theatre studies, says, "I review one subject for an hour, then move to another subject for an hour, and carry on like that for as long as I can."

HOW TO GET THROUGH EXAMS Here are 10 top tips from educational psychologists:

• Get help: ask a teacher or tutor about how to revise, and

exam skills - how to work when you are in an exam.

• Take short rests during your time of work and revision.

If your mind is tired, it will not remember well.

• Plan your work: study at times when you know you will

work at your best.

• Stay healthy: get enough sleep, eat sensibly.
• Exercise: you need exercise to work well. Walk, run, play

sports - whatever you enjoy.

• Be positive: stop thinking about the future and failing.
• Do your best: no one can do more than this.
• Be alert: if you feel ill, talk to someone about your

worries.

• But don't be too relaxed! Some stress over exams makes

you work hard for them.

• Be sensible: if it upsets you to talk to your friends

about an exam when it is finished, don't do it! In fact, don't even think about the exam you have finished. What is done is done. You cannot change what you have written!

To this advice, we would add: If you are studying in the evening, don't go straight to bed afterwards. Your mind will still be 'going round and round' - thinking too much. Do something else, maybe walk or get exercise. Choose something that will relax you, and make you think of other things.

The Missing Michael Jordan Shoes By Lauren

"Whaaaaaaaaaaaa, boo hoo!" Hayden cried as he sat on his front porch steps. Just then Benji, his best friend, rode up on his scooter.

"Hey, Benji," Hayden sobbed.

"What's wrong, Hayden?" Benji asked.

"I can't find my Michael Jordan shoes. They were right here on the rug! I put them there after school," Hayden replied.

"Did you look for them?" Benji asked inquisitively.

"Yeah, all over. I couldn't find them anywhere!" Hayden responded, trying to choke back all the sobbing.

Just then, Billy and Penelope rode up on their bikes. "What's shaking, boys?" Billy asked.

"Nothing much for me," Benji replied. "But my bud, Hayden, here just got his favorite shoes stolen. Do you guys think you could help him, being detectives and all?"

"Sure, yeah!" Penelope exclaimed, glowing with delight.

"We'd love to," Billy added.

"Thanks, guys, but I don't even know who would've done it. I don't hate anyone," Hayden chimed in. His crying and sobbing was starting to stop.

Billy and Penelope hopped off their bikes, walked up the sidewalk and sat down on the porch. "Well, we'll ask you a few questions in case anything comes to you."

"Okay, what did the shoes look like?" Billy asked starting the interview.

"They were white and red, SIGNED BY MICHAEL JORDAN!" Hayden cried, the sobbing resounding. "It's okay, all right, all right," Penelope said in a calm, soothing voice. "Do you know anyone besides yourself that is a big fan of Michael Jordan?"

"Freddy, my other friend. I think he likes the Bulls," Hayden sighed.

"Is there someone at school you know of that would have a grudge on you for something that you did? Like a play, project, a girlfriend?" Billy said.

"Oh, my goodness! Marti- GIRLS, YUCK! Anyway, Martino Jimenez is mad because I got the part of Peter Pan in our skits!" Hayden yelled wildly, bouncing in his seat with excitement. "But I don't know why he'd take my shoes. They probably smell horrible. But he knows they are the most precious thing I own!"

"Oh, how ironic. Here comes that nerd now!" Benji said in an irritated voice.

Walking down the street was a tall boy with short pants, a sweater, glasses, hair to the side, and a big stack of books in his hands.

"Why, hello, all you-unfine people. Just doing a bit of research," Martino called in an unpleasant, high-pitched voice.

"Oh, Martino! Come here, please!" Penelope yelled in a mock voice of Martino's.

"I was walking my dog, Tootsie, at the time his dumb shoes were stolen!" Martino answered Billy's question.

"Fine, you can go do your little bit of research," Billy called after the boy as he stalked off, "but we'll be asking you a couple more questions tomorrow."

Just then, Hayden and Benji rode toward the house on their scooters with Freddy running behind.

"We're back!" Benji called.

"Freddy, we'd like to ask you a few questions about the situation," Penelope started.

"Okay, shoot," Freddy replied in an exhausted, panting voice.

"Where were you about an hour ago when this all started?" Billy asked.

"Hmm, I was watching the Bulls game at Ben's house. I can never get enough of those Bulls," Freddy said.

"Who's your favorite player on the Bulls' team?" Billy asked

"Michael Jordan, of course. MJ's the greatest player there ever was! He's a legend! I'd do anything for his autograph," Freddy rambled on.

"Anything?" Penelope replied.

"Definitely!" he said.

The next day, Penelope, Billy, and Hayden stopped over at both of their houses.

"We have two suspects, Freddy and Martino," Billy said as the three of them were strolling down the street.

"It's definitely Freddy," Penelope stated confidently. "He said he'd do anything for Michael Jordan's autograph."

"But Freddy has been one of my best friends since kindergarten. He'd never take anything from me," Hayden protested.

"Martino seemed kind of weird and suspicious. But Freddy seemed guiltier. It's a toss-up," Billy thought out loud.

"They arrived at Freddy's house and rang the doorbell. Freddy answered the door. "Hey, Fred," Hayden said.

"Hey," Freddy greeted him.

"We're here to ask you a few more questions," Billy cut in.

"All right," Freddy answered. "But make it quick."

"Okay, have you ever stolen anything?" Penelope asked.

"No! That's one of the worst things that anyone could do! I could go to jail for that," Freddy bellowed back.

"Okay, okay, we get it," Billy said. "Where were you yesterday at the time of the crime?" "Ben's house! I told you that," Freddy replied.

"Well, thanks, Freddy. I hope I can find my shoes," Hayden called, walking down the sidewalk.

"They arrived at Martino's house some five minutes later. The three of them walked up to the door and knocked.

"What now? Go away. I told you I didn't do it!" Martino yelled, starting to swing the door shut.

"We just want to ask you a couple of questions, Martino," Penelope said calmly, pushing the door back open.

"What's all the racket about, Tino?" a voice said softly from inside the house. Martino's little sister walked up to the door.

"Go away, Bella!" Martino screamed in reply.

"Oh! Look at my friend's puppy! Isn't he so cute?" Bella said, ignoring her brother.

"Get that thing away! You know I'm allergic!" Martino responded.

The three of them looked at each other.

"Could you please give my shoes back? Why would you want to take them? Why did you?"

How did they know that Martino took the shoes?

Answer: Martin’s alibi was he was walking his dog at the time of the theft, but he’s allergic to dogs.

[edit] Writing

[edit] Hints

A little every day…

Start a journal at home. Write a little every day. Don’t worry about spelling or grammar, but concentrate on getting you ideas down.

Start a dialogue journal with a friend. You write in it one day and then give it to your friend. They can respond to what you have written. It is like having a written conversation.

Try some timed writing. Sit down and try to write in English for 3 minutes. Don’t stop writing until your time is up. If you don’t know what to write, then write…”I don’t know what to write. I don’t know what to write….”

When you write, concentrate on how you connect your ideas. Making good connections is one for the keys to good writing.

A thesaurus is a great tool. It is a book to help you find new words for things you already know. Did you know that there are 17 words that mean interesting?

[edit] Group Story / Word Story

Objectives: The objectives of this lesson are to encourage quick thinking and to transpose those thoughts into written English. Students also gain experience in sentence structure and vocabulary acquisition. Materials needed:

• Blackboard
• Student Workbook,
• Pens / Pencils
• Word Cards

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: Photocopy the cards on the following pages. Cut them out and laminate them if possible. These are the cards that will build your deck of words. Have the students open their workbook to the writing section.

Warm Up (10 minutes): The teacher chooses 3 cards from the deck of word cards and writes the words on the board. Instruct the students to make a sentence that contains all three of the words and write it in their workbook. Have each student read his or her sentence to the rest of the class. Correct any grammatical errors. It may be beneficial to choose the first three words rather than to rely upon chance.

Words Used: 48 Backpack Banana Baseball Beautiful Birthday Blue Chinese Take- out Cigarette Computer Doctor Electricity E-Mart Far Fat Film Flat Football Garden Grass Happy Help! Hit Hospital Hot Ill Jog Keep fit Kiss Lift Mouse Ocean Octopus Out Park Party Pilot Play Potato Pusan Raining River Slide Slowly Smile Standing Sticky Student Subway Suddenly Sunny Teacher Thief Train Station Umbrella University Wedding Winter Yellow Young

Activity (30 minutes): Tell the students that they are going to create a short story by repeatedly selecting 3 cards form the pack. The story will be 11 sentences long (including the sentence they already made in the warm up).

Explain to the students the following points.

• Stories may be nonsensical.
• Enforcement of tenses.
• This is not merely a collection of 11 sentences but a

story that should flow from one sentence to the next.

• The last 1 or 2 sentences should be devoted to ‘wrapping-

up’ the story.

Get the first student to take three cards from the pack and read them aloud to the rest of the class. Write the three words on the board and instruct the students to write a sentence, as before, in their workbook. Again, remind the students that this second sentence should have some relationship with the previous sentence. Continue until all eleven sentences are made and the story is complete. Get students to swap stories with the person next to them and read their partner’s story.

Summary (5 minutes): Scan the produced stories and read some of the more creative or humorous ones to the class. Review the objectives of the lesson and conclude.

> Mouse > Birthday > Pusan > Film > Train Station > Beautiful > Umbrella > Student > Doctor > Fat > Wedding > Football > Garden > Kiss > Happy > Hospital > Ill > Flat > Thief > River > Cigarette > Party > Young > Smile > Chinese Take-out > University > Hit > Help! > Pilot > Keep fit > Out > Yellow > Winter > Blue > Standing > E-Mart > Hot > Sunny > Play > Teacher > Computer > 48 > Potato > Raining > Park > Ocean > Electricity > Backpack > Lift > Jog > Slide > Baseball > Suddenly > Banana > Subway > Octopus > Far > Grass > Sticky > Slowly

[edit] Speech Writing

Objectives: Students will be shown a simple structure for creating a speech. The teacher will stress the use of the IRE idea (Idea, Reason, Example) and be given examples of the structure in action. In addition, students will be given the opportunity to write and perform a short oral presentation. Materials needed:

• Student workbook
• Pens or pencils

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson

Warm Up (10 minutes): The teacher will ask student opinion questions (What is your favorite sport? for example). As the students answer the teacher will elicit longer responses by asking for reasons and examples.

T: What sport do you like? S: I like basketball. (This is the student’s idea.) T: Why do you like basketball? S: It is really fast. (This is the reason.) T: What is fast about basketball? S: The players have to pass the ball very quickly. (This is the example.) T: So your answer is…I like basketball because the game is so fast. The players really have to pass the ball quickly. (Teacher summarized the three parts and strings them together.

The teacher should ask enough questions to give the students an idea of the basic structure that is to be used in the speech. This should take up about 10 minutes of the class.

Activity (30 minutes): The Writing of the Speech (~20 minutes)

Students will be asked to write a speech on the topic—“What I like…” The students will be asked to write an outline of the topic first using the following guideline:

Idea Reason Example Reason Example Reason Example Conclusion

Students may choose to cut the number of reasons down to two and add an extra example for each if they choose.

More proficient students can be asked to put in connecting sentences between the pairs of reasons/examples.

The conclusion should be a re-stating of the first idea in a very firm and convincing way.

The Giving of the Speech (10 minutes)

Students will be asked to give their speech in front of the class. Students should be reminded of a few simple speech-giving instructions.

• Eye contact… students should make eye contact with each

person in the room.

• Pronunciation/Intonation… students should be careful to

pronounce things very clearly.

• Voice level… students should speak so that someone at the

back of the room can hear them.

• Voice speed… students should speak slower than usually.

Summary (5 minutes): Students who wrote good speeches should be praised and class should be made aware of why that speech was so good. Students who gave good speeches should also be praised and the class should be made aware of why their speech sounded better than others. Students should be encouraged to use these new skills if they ever need to make a public speech.

[edit] Folded Story

Objectives: Students will work on their use of connectives. Students will construct a story using connectives. Materials needed:

• Pencils or pens
• Blackboard
• Student workbook

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: Have each student remove a piece of paper from their workbook and fold it to create eight sections (like an accordion fan).

Warm Up (10 minutes): Write a list of connectives on the board. The list should include: but, and, so then, suddenly, and then, and others of the teacher’s choice. The students will do the following activity.

Line the students up in front of the blackboard and tell them they need to write a sentence using one of the connectives. Each student can write only one word at a time. The sentence can be of any length. The students should write 2 or 3 sentences depending on the available time.

Activity (30 minutes): Tell the students to take out their folded papers and write the following words in each section, one per section.

One day He said She said then and so suddenly finally

Tell the students to finish the first section…(e.g. One day John and Mary went to the zoo). After the students have finished their sentence they need to fold the section under so that it cannot be read. The students pass the paper to another student who writes the next section and folds the paper under again so it cannot be read. This continues until the eight sections have been filled. The paper returns to the original writer who then unfolds it and reads the story.

Note: Teachers should tell students to write their own story. After they write the eight headings, they should start thinking of the complete story and then write their own story each time the paper is passed. They should not try to figure out what others have written.

Summary (5 minutes): Teacher should make brief remarks about the use of connectives. Have the students exchange stories and read them. If there is time read some of the best stories.

[edit] Five Line Poem

Objectives: Students will be shown examples of five line poems, be encouraged to talk about the sample poems, and (both as a class and as individuals) create five line poems. Materials needed:

• Pencils or pens
• Blackboard
• Student workbook
• Examples of the target poems

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson.

Warm Up (5 minutes): Write some sample poems on the board. Have the class try to work out the structure of the poem. Discuss the poems and poetry.

Activity (35 minutes): Report on a poem Students will work in small groups of 3 or 4. Give a sample poem to each group as a guide to help them construct their own poems. Have each group talk about their assigned poem and how it makes them feel. The students must then report their response to the class. They need to answer the question: What is the relationship between the first and last line of the poem? This part of the activity should take about 15 minutes.

Creation of a poem Write the structural form of the five line poem on the board: Line 1: Dog = 1 NOUN-A Line 2: Friendly, playful = 2 related ADJECTIVES Line 3: Jumping catching rolling = 3 descriptive GERUNDS (verb + -ing) Line 4: Someone to be there. = 1 complete, related SENTENCE Line 5: A true friend = 1 NOUN-B (a synonym of NOUN-A)

Have the students create their own poems based on the template and with the help of the sample poems. This part of the activity should take about 20 minutes.

Sample poems:

River by Miki

River Clear, wonderful Slapping, whirling, flowing The river is cold. Water Dove by Min

Dove Active, free Flying, sitting, crying A dove is free. Bird

Try to write three of your own to fit the level of the students in the class. Good poems should be kept to show subsequent classes.

Summary (5 minutes): The teacher should find a way to publish the poems. Have the students share their poems with the class. Remind the students of the difficulty of writing/creating poems and how the students must be really good writers.

[edit] Diamante Poem

Objectives: Students will be shown examples of diamante poems, be encouraged to talk about the sample poems, and (both as a class and as individuals) create diamante poems. Materials needed:

• Pencils or pens
• Blackboard
• Student workbook
• Examples of the target poems

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson.

Warm Up (5 minutes): Write some sample poems on the board. Have the class try to work out the structure of the poem. Discuss the poems and poetry.

Activity (35 minutes): Report on a poem Students will work in small groups of 3 or 4. Give a sample poem to each group as a guide to help them construct their own poems. Have each group talk about their assigned poem and how it makes them feel. The students must then report their response to the class. They need to answer the question: What is the relationship between the first and last line of the poem? This part of the activity should take about 15 minutes.

Creation of a poem Write the structural form of a diamante poem on the board. Line 1: Winter = 1 NOUN-A Line 2: Rainy, cold = 2 ADJECTIVES-A Line 3: Skiing, skating, sledding = 3 GERUNDS-A (verb + -ing) Line 4: Mountains, wind, breeze, ocean = 2 NOUNS-A + 2 NOUNS-B Line 5: Swimming, surfing, scuba diving = 3 GERUNDS-B (verb + -ing) Line 6: Sunny, hot = 2 ADJECTIVES-B Line 7: Summer = 1 NOUN-B

Have the students create their own poems based on the template and with the help of the sample poems. This part of the activity should take about 20 minutes.

Sample poems:

Winter Rainy, cold Skiing, skating, sledding Mountains, wind, breeze, ocean Swimming, surfing, scuba diving Sunny, hot SummerStudies Unhappy, difficult Boring, succeeding, sleeping Library, pencil, card, outside Interesting, exciting, failing Happy, easy Play

Love Wonderful, beautiful Caring, liking, thinking Innocence, smile, tear, guilt Fighting, violating, disgusting Terrible, worst Hatred

Try to write three of your own to fit the level of the students in the class. Good poems should be kept to show subsequent classes.

Summary (5 minutes): The teacher should find a way to publish the poems. Have the students share their poems with the class. Remind the students of the difficulty of writing/creating poems and how the students must be really good writers.

[edit] ABC Story

Objectives: Students will be encouraged to use their knowledge of English in a new and creative way, to construct a cohesive story under a set structure, and be encouraged to think and write quickly in English. Materials needed:

• Pencils or pens
• Blackboard
• Student workbook

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Explain that today the students are going to create stories using the alphabet.

Alphabetical Cat Using the alphabet, students will create adjectives to describe a cat. E.g. My cat is an adorable cat. My cat is a beautiful cat… and so on.

The class should go through the entire alphabet. It helps sometimes to write the alphabet on the board and let students fill in the slots as they think of an adjective, rather than going around in a circle. But it can be done both ways

Activity (30 minutes): ABC Story The students need to write a story where the first sentence begins with the letter “A” the next with the letter “B”… and so on. Using the workbook students can work in pairs or on their own. Students need to be encouraged to write quickly as it may be difficult to finish the story. If the story cannot be finished, then it can be assigned as homework to be finished.

Summary (5 minutes): Stories, if finished, can be read in class. Students should be reminded of the skills that they are working on. They have been learning how to think and write quickly in English.

[edit] 10 Questions

Objectives: Students will be shown the connections between comprehension questions and text and be given the chance to work creatively with English. Materials needed:

• Pencils or pens
• Pre-generated set of comprehension questions
• Student workbook

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: The activity can be done either alone or in pairs. Each student (or pair) should be given a copy of warm up text and a copy of the ‘10 Questions’. Ensure the students are made aware of the objectives. Further explain that they will be shown the outline for a fictional story (i.e. setting, problem, conflict, resolution). Also, they will create a piece of fiction based on possible answers to the comprehension questions. The key is to make them understand how this will help their understanding of how stories work and how it will help them answer comprehension questions.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Give the students the story to read. Ask them to make up a comprehension question for the story. The students should exchange questions and answer them. The teacher should introduce the idea of writing a story based on comprehension questions

Activity (30 minutes): Write the ’10 Questions’ on the board. The students will have a copy of the ten questions in their workbook. Use the first question as an example to begin the story. The students will have to supply all the missing information to properly answer the question (E.g. Why did they go to the house? A student may write… John and Scott went to the house to try and find the ghost’s gold.) More advanced students may write two or three sentences that together answer the one comprehension question (E.g. John rushed to the house after school. Scott was waiting for him with a flashlight and a shovel. They hoped today they would find the gold if the ghost didn’t find them first.) The students write a story based on the ten questions.

Variation The basic idea is the same but the teacher reveals the questions one at a time. The teacher can also give the students an opportunity to generate some of the questions.

The ’10 Questions’ for “The House on the Hill” (Teachers may generate their own questions to create a different type of story.)

Why were the two kids friends? What did the house look like? Why did they go to the house? What did they see when they opened the door? Who screamed? Why did they go into the kitchen? Who went down to the basement? What was found in the attic? Who helped them to escape? How did they feel when they got home?

The first three questions describe the setting of the story. Questions 4-7 centre around the conflict. Questions 8 and 9 are the climax. And the last question is the resolution.

The teacher should create their own story based on these questions to read to the class AT THE END OF THE CLASS. Don’t read it before, as every story will sound like yours.

Summary (5 minutes): Read your story to the class. Have the students exchange stories and read them. Remind students of the structure of the story. Remind students to use this structure in their own writing and to look for it in the stories they read and the movies they watch.

[edit] Nomics

Nomics are games in which writing the rules of the game is the game itself. See Ruler of the Wall for an example of how a nomic could be incorporated into the classroom.

[edit] Decision Making

[edit] Moon Survival

Objectives: For students to resolve a conceptual problem using logic, examples, and polite English. To stimulate the student’s creative thinking. Materials needed:

• Blackboard
• Student Workbook
• Pens / Pencils.

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: Divide the class into groups of 3 or 4 students and instruct them to open their workbook to the appropriate page.

Warm Up (10 minutes): The students should be asked some questions about space to jumpstart their interest in the topic. At some point the students should be asked whether they would like to go to space and what they would do there. The warm up activity is for the students to make a guest list for their going away party.

• Tell the students to make a guest list for their ‘going

away’ party. The guests should be well known and should not be personal friends of the group. There should be five guests on the list.

• The students should be reminded to give a reason for

inviting each of the people on the list.

• When the individual groups have finished their lists, the

groups should come together and use their individual lists to make a master list. Students should be reminded during this conversation to use proper and polite conversational strategies.

• The teacher should write the master list on the board.
• Discuss some of the more interesting guests and ask why

they were invited.

Activity (30 minutes): Students should be told that on their way to their moon base their spaceship crashed. They are 300 km from their base and will have to walk.

• Go through the items on the list and work through the new

vocabulary.

• Tell the students to rank the items in order of their

importance to their own survival.

• Get the students to tell you which item is the most

important to their survival. Write it on the board.

• Get students to tell you what they think is the least

important item for survival. There should be some disagreement. Make sure the students disagree politely.

• Tell the students to work in their groups and finish

ranking the items. Emphasize the importance of discussing why the items are important or not.

• When the students have finished, write each group’s lists

on the board and invite students to discuss the different choices made by different groups.

• Have the groups come up with one master list.
• Compare the class list with the answers provided by NASA.

Discuss the differences.

Summary (5 minutes): Answer any questions the students may have had. Remark on any particularly good ideas or certain conversation strategies you heard while walking around the room. You can also point out any problems that may have arisen. Review the objectives of the lesson and conclude.

Answer Key: Item Rank Why? Box of matches 15

Food concentrate 4

20 meters of rope 6

Parachute silk 8

Portable gas heating unit 13

Two 45 caliber pistols 11

One box of dehydrated milk 12

Two 50 kg tanks of oxygen 1

Map of the moon 3

Life raft 9

Magnetic compass 14

20 liters of water 2

Signal flares 10

First aid kit 7

Solar powered receiver and transmitter 5

[edit] Courtroom

Objectives: The objective of this lesson is to refine decision-making skills. Students also gain experience in group speaking and vocabulary building. Materials needed:

• Blackboard
• Student Workbook
• Pens / Pencils.

Vocabulary substitution: Review the following new vocabulary with the students:

Court Magistrate Judge Jury Accused Hardware Carpenter Laid off Woodworking Offense Sentence To plead guilty Probation Play hooky Shoplifting Verdict Interpreter Unemployed Tea towel Fine Imprisonment Acquittal Foster home Reform school Community service To plead not guilty

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Talk about courtrooms and the roles of different people in courtrooms. Introduce new vocabulary necessary for the lesson.

Activity (30 minutes): Divide the class into groups of 3 or 4 students and tell the students that they are the magistrates on the bench of the Magistrates Court.

Read the ‘Possible Sentences’ from the workbook and discuss each one. Possible Sentences:

• Fine ($1000 maximum)
• Imprisonment (6 months maximum)
• Community service
• Placement in a foster home (people under age 16)
• Placement in a reform school (people under age 16)
• Probation
• Acquittal

Read ‘Case 1’ from the workbook. Tell the students that they must reach a verdict and pass sentence in this case. Allow 10 minutes for this and move around the room helping with vocabulary and discussion. After 10 minutes, have a representative from each group read their verdict and sentence to the class. Write the verdicts on the blackboard and discuss the strengths or weaknesses of the sentences.

Case 1 A 50-year-old man comes before your court. He is accused of breaking into a hardware store and stealing woodworking tools worth $150. He pleads guilty.

You must reach a verdict and pass sentence.

Points to consider:

• He was a carpenter for 30 years with one company and was

recently laid off.

• He has been unemployed for 6 months.
• He says his only hope of finding work is to have his own

tools.

• It is his first offense.

Repeat the activity for cases 2 and 3.

Case 2 A woman comes before your court. She is accused of shoplifting from Sears. The police say she took 2 tea towels and 6 glasses with a total value of $6.50. She pleads not guilty.

You must reach a verdict and pass sentence.

Points to consider:

• It is her first offense.
• Her husband has been employed for 1 year.
• She has 6 children.
• She has lived in America for 2 years but can’t speak

English.

• She says (through an interpreter) that she did not know

that she had to pay, as the system is different in her country.

Case 3 A 14-year-old boy comes before your court. He is accused of setting his school on fire and causing $5000 worth of damage. He pleads guilty.

You must reach a verdict and pass sentence.

Points to consider:

• He lives with his mother and 4 younger brothers and

sisters.

• His father died 2 years ago.
• His mother works in a store during the day and in a bar

in the evening to make enough money.

• His school grades are terrible and he is constantly in

trouble for playing hooky, fighting and breaking rules.

• It is not his first offense. A year ago he was accused of

stealing $25 from the drugstore where he had a Saturday job. He was let go with a warning.

Summary (5 minutes): Review the objectives of the lesson and discuss the most interesting case the class presented.

[edit] Airport / Going on Vacation

Objectives: The objective for this lesson is to make a plan for international travel using polite discussion techniques. Students will also learn how to write a postcard in informal language and use the English addressing format. Materials needed:

• Blackboard
• Student Workbook
• Pens / Pencils

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Start the class by asking some general questions about airports.

• Which airports have you been to?
• Which countries have you visited in the past?
• What facilities have you used at airports?
• What facilities do you think are important at airports?

Discuss the different areas in an airport and talk about their functions. The teacher could talk about areas such as:

• Customs
• Baggage Claim
• Immigration
• Quarantine
• Duty Free
• Check-in
• Gates

Discuss the different problems that you may encounter in these areas.

Activity (30 minutes): Divide the class into small groups of 3 or 4 students.

Tell the students that they are going on a one-week holiday to another country. They must decide in their group which country they will visit using polite discussion.

The students must now plan their trips. They are to decide 6 things to do or see in their destination country. Again, polite discussion is used to convey a student’s opinion to the other group members. Tell the students to complete the Travel Itinerary in their workbook.

When the students have finished their travel schedule they must write a postcard on the page provided in their workbooks. Explain to the students the addressing format used in foreign countries that is the opposite order to the Korean system. Give an example on the board of a foreign address and tell the students to complete the postcard.

Summary (5 minutes): Scan the postcards and read some of the more creative ones to the class. Review the objectives of the lesson and conclude.

Postcard

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________ _____________________________

_____________________________ _____________________________

_____________________________ _____________________________

_____________________________ _____________________________

_____________________________ _____________________________

_____________________________ _____________________________

Itinerary

Sunday Go to Incheon International Airport and board the airplane for… Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday Return to Incheon International Airport from…

[edit] Two Situations

Objectives: To stimulate students creative thinking and exercise their decision making skills. Materials needed:

• Student workbook
• Pens / pencils
• Blackboard

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: There is no special preparation for this lesson.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Write a set of opposites on the board (e.g. hot / cold). Have the students decide, in turn, what they prefer. Try to use IRE method described at the beginning of the teacher’s manual.

Activity (30 minutes): Group the students into pairs and have them look at Situation 1 in their workbook. Read through it with the whole class, and then let the students work out their answers. Circulate among the groups to help them with any problems they might be having. After about 10 minutes of writing have one student from each group make a report about their country. Repeat the exercise with Situation 2. Ensure that a new student from each group reports on Situation 2.

Situation 1

Imagine you could create a completely new country made up of the best things from at least five other countries. What would this country be like? What would it be called? You have 10 minutes to think of the answers.

Think about:

• the food
• the standard of living
• the culture
• the people
• the political system
• the scenery
• the natural resources
• anything else? (specify)
• the climate

Write down the details, then one of you can report to the rest of the class. For example: Our new country would be called … It will have a climate like … (warm and sunny in the summer and…) It will have a standard of living like…, etc.

Situation 2.

Imagine you could be frozen at the time of death and brought back to life again in 200 years time. In what ways do you think things will have changed? You have 10 minutes to think of the answers.

Think about:

• countries
• space exploration
• life span
• transport
• computers
• family life (marriage, children, etc.)
• jobs
• homes
• anything else? (specify)

Write a paragraph to describe these changes. Then one of you can read it out to the rest of the class.

Summary (5 minutes): Discuss some of the more interesting or controversial decisions made by your groups.

[edit] What’s in a Job

Objectives: This is a decision making activity designed for groups of students, in which they have to guess what criteria others have used in putting ten jobs in order of importance. Materials needed:

• Student workbook
• Pens / pencils
• Blackboard

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: Copy and cut out the job cards on the page following this lesson summary. Laminate them if possible. You should have three complete sets of cards available to use.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Review the 10 jobs used in the lesson to ensure the students understand what each job is. (doctor, priest, politician, pop star, entertainer, a housewife, a factory worker, a teacher, a journalist, a garbage man, a police officer)

Activity (30 minutes): Put the students into groups of three or four. Give each student a deck of cards and have them randomly select a card. The students work alone at first and order their jobs according to the criteria on their card. They write their answers in their workbook. Make sure they don’t let anyone else in the group see their card. Students now take it in turns to read out their order. When they have finished, the others try to guess what the order was based on.

Summary (5 minutes): Conclude by selecting a few of the students and have them explain their reasoning.

Student A Here are 10 jobs: A doctor, a priest, a politician, a pop star, an entertainer, a housewife, a factory worker, a teacher, a journalist, a dustman, a police officer You have to order them 1-10 according to the salary they get. Do this in you workbook. When you have all finished, take it in turns to read out your order. The others now try to guess on what you had based your order. Student B Here are 10 jobs: A doctor, a priest, a politician, a pop star, an entertainer, a housewife, a factory worker, a teacher, a journalist, a dustman, a police officer You have to order them 1-10 according to how important the job is to society. Do this in you workbook. When you have all finished, take it in turns to read out your order. The others now try to guess on what you had based your order. Student C Here are 10 jobs: A doctor, a priest, a politician, a pop star, an entertainer, a housewife, a factory worker, a teacher, a journalist, a dustman, a police officer You have to order them 1-10 according to how interesting/full of variety the job is. Do this in you workbook. When you have all finished, take it in turns to read out your order. The others now try to guess on what you had based your order. Student D Here are 10 jobs: A doctor, a priest, a politician, a pop star, an entertainer, a housewife, a factory worker, a teacher, a journalist, a dustman, a police officer You have to order them 1-10 according to how stressful the job is. Do this in you workbook. When you have all finished, take it in turns to read out your order. The others now try to guess on what you had based your order. Student E Here are 10 jobs: A doctor, a priest, a politician, a pop star, an entertainer, a housewife, a factory worker, a teacher, a journalist, a dustman, a police officer You have to order them 1-10 according to the status of the job (in other people’s eyes). Do this in you workbook.. When you have all finished, take it in turns to read out your order. The others now try to guess on what you had based your order. Student F Here are 10 jobs: A doctor, a priest, a politician, a pop star, an entertainer, a housewife, a factory worker, a teacher, a journalist, a dustman, a police officer You have to order them 1-10 according to the job you’d like to have. Do this in you workbook. When you have all finished, take it in turns to read out your order. The others now try to guess on what you had based your order.

[edit] Problem Solving

[edit] Cryptology

Objectives: To get students to understand how to break down words to figure out their meaning and to think critically about English grammar and sentence patterns to decode the passage. Materials needed:

• Blackboard
• Pens / pencils
• Student workbook

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: Make sure that students have their (paper or electronic) dictionaries put away for the warm up of the lesson. However, they can use them for the decoding activity.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Write the word “Cryptology” on the blackboard and ask if any students know what it means. If nobody knows the word, ask what “-ology” means. The students should respond “the study of.” Then ask the students if they have other examples of words with the “-ology” suffix and write them on the board. With the words that the students supply, ask them what the prefix/root word means. For example, if the students give the words biology, geology, and technology, ask them what bio- (life), geo- (Earth), and techno- (skill) mean. Then explain that “crypto-” means hidden (from the Greek word “kryptos”) and ask if any students can now figure out what “cryptology” means. If still nobody figures it out, tell them that cryptology is the study of breaking code. If the warm-up needs to be extended, the teacher can ask the students when codes are used (i.e. government, computers, military, etc).

Activity (30 minutes): There are three different encoded passages with this lesson varying in difficulty. The easiest passage is a simple reversed frame-shift so once the students figure out the pattern, it becomes quite simple to break the code. The medium and hardest difficulty passages have randomly selected encryption keys. However, the medium does not substitute vowels.

The teacher needs to assess the students’ ability and choose the difficulty he or she deems appropriate. Alternatively, the teacher can also allow the students to individually choose the difficulty with which they would like to challenge themselves.

Have the students turn to the appropriate page with the selected encrypted passage. Explain that every letter represents another letter and that their task is to break the code. Initially, the only hint that should be given is for the students to think about what they know about English grammar and sentences. For example, “a” is the only one-letter, lowercase English word so the students quickly be able to decode all the a’s in the passage. There are other patterns such as “’s” for possessives and words like of, in, on, and at that always proceed other words. Do not give students these hints unless necessary.

Once a student has broken the code, there is no need for him/her to decode the whole passage, as it would just be busy work. Instead, tell the student to work on one of the other passages.

Summary (5 minutes): To conclude the lesson, review the root word + suffix warm up and ask students what patterns they notice to break the code.

Encryption Key:

Easy Passage Medium Passage Difficult Passage Original Encrypted Original Encrypted Original Encrypted A H A (A) A P B G B A B A C F C E C E D E D R D R E D E (E) E T F C F Y F Y G B G U G U H A H I H I I Z I (I) I O J Y J Q J Q K X K W K W L W L S L S M V M D M D N U N F N F O T O (O) O G P S P H P H Q R Q J Q J R Q R K R K S P S L S L T O T Z T Z U N U (U) U X V M V C V C W L W V W V X K X B X B Y J Y N Y N Z I Z M Z M

Easy Passage – Unencrypted

Jason had a temperature of 102° F. His head was stuffed; his bones ached and his throat was very sore. He knew he had the flu. All his friends had been sick with it. He had used up all the creams and herbs that his mother had carefully packed and put in his suitcase, saying, “Just in case you get sick.”

After three days of lying in bed, feeling miserable, Jason decided to go to the doctor. He described all his symptoms and was sure that the doctor would give him a shot that would make him feel much better. Instead, she told him to get plenty of rest and to drink lots of liquids. She gave him a prescription to fill and said that in two or three days he would be feeling better.

As he left, the receptionist told him that his visit would cost $35. Jason paid the money and left the doctor’s office feeling angry.

Medium Passage – Unencrypted

The Planets are in Motion The planets move around the Sun along oval-shaped paths called orbits. One complete path around the Sun is called a revolution. Earth takes one year, or 3651/4 days, to make one revolution around the Sun. Planets that are farther away from the Sun take longer. Some planets have one or more moons. A moon orbits a planet in much the same way that the planets orbit the Sun.

Each planet also spins (or rotates) on its axis. An axis is an imaginary line running through the center of a planet. The time it takes Earth to rotate on its axis equals one day.

Difficult Passage – Unencrypted

Can Chickens Fly? The chicken has wings, but can’t fly. Chickens used to fly in the past like all birds. But they started to live with people and changed. Their bodies got bigger but their wings got smaller. So now they can’t fly. But a chicken called Sheena did fly in 1985. She was a fighting chicken in America. Sheena flew 192.07 meters!

The Most Famous Chicken There are about 500 kinds of chickens in the world. But there was one very famous chicken. In 1945, in Colorado, U.S., there was a chicken called Michael. Michael is in the 1947 Guinness Book of World Records. This chicken was born without a head. But he could still live! However, in 1947, something terrible happened. While Michael was eating, food got stuck in his throat and he died.

What Do They Eat? Chickens usually eat what their owners give them. But they also find food on their own. They eat bugs that move around on the ground. They swallow food because they do not have teeth. They also eat sand and dirt.

Why Do Chicken Hate the Hot Weather? People sweat so we can control heat. Chickens do not have sweat glands. They are covered with feathers. They have to make themselves cool by opening their mouths. They also flap their wings. That is why they do not like the hot weather.

How Do Chicken Sleep? Have you seen chicken sleeping on poles? They look as if they will fall but they don't. This is because they hold onto the poles very tightly. Chicken used to be flying birds that lived on branches. So their natural habits are shown while they sleep.

Have You Ever Seen a Chicken in Your Dreams? Seeing a chicken in your dream is good luck! If you chased chickens, you will get a lot of money. If you see a chick hatching from its egg, something good will happen. If you see a chicken head, your family may be in luck. But if you see a headless chicken, this is not a good dream. Something bad may happen to you.

Were You Born in the Year of the Rooster? Then, you are a very loyal person. Also, you try very hard at almost everything. You also have a big imagination. You like adventure. And you work hard to achieve your goals.

Cryptology - Easy The following story has been encrypted with a special code. Each letter systematically represents a different letter in the alphabet. Can you break the code?

Yhptu ahe h odvsdqhonqd tc 102° C. Azp adhe lhp ponccde; azp gtudp hfade hue azp oaqtho lhp mdqj ptqd. Ad xudl ad ahe oad cwn. Hww azp cqzduep ahe gddu pzfx lzoa zo. Ad ahe npde ns hww oad fqdhvp hue adqgp oaho azp vtoadq ahe fhqdcnwwj shfxde hue sno zu azp pnzofhpd, phjzub, “Ynpo zu fhpd jtn bdo pzfx.”

Hcodq oaqdd ehjp tc wjzub zu gde, cddwzub vzpdqhgwd, Yhptu edfzede ot bt ot oad etfotq. Ad edpfqzgde hww azp pjvsotvp hue lhp pnqd oaho oad etfotq ltnwe bzmd azv h pato oaho ltnwe vhxd azv cddw vnfa gdoodq. Zupodhe, pad otwe azv ot bdo swduoj tc qdpo hue ot eqzux wtop tc wzrnzep. Pad bhmd azv h sqdpfqzsoztu ot czww hue phze oaho zu olt tq oaqdd ehjp ad ltnwe gd cddwzub gdoodq.

Hp ad wdco, oad qdfdsoztuzpo otwe azv oaho azp mzpzo ltnwe ftpo $35. Yhptu shze oad vtudj hue wdco oad etfotq’p tcczfd cddwzub hubqj.

Cryptology - Medium The following story has been encrypted with a special code. Each letter systematically represents a different letter in the alphabet. Can you break the code?

ziE hsAfEzl AkE If dOzIOf ziE hsAfEzl dOcE AkOUfr ziE lUf AsOfu OcAs-liAhEr hAzil eAssEr OkaIzl. OfE eOdhsEzE hAzi AkOUfr ziE lUf Il eAssEr A kEcOsUzIOf. EAkzi zAwEl OfE nEAk, Ok 3651/4 rAnl, zO dAwE OfE kEcOsUzIOf AkOUfr ziE lUf. hsAfEzl ziAz AkE yAkziEk AvAn ykOd ziE lUf zAwE sOfuEk. lOdE hsAfEzl iAcE OfE Ok dOkE dOOfl. A dOOf OkaIzl A hsAfEz If dUei ziE lAdE vAn ziAz ziE hsAfEzl OkaIz ziE lUf.

EAei hsAfEz AslO lhIfl (Ok kOzAzEl) Of Izl AbIl. Af AbIl Il Af IdAuIfAkn sIfE kUffIfu zikOUui ziE eEfzEk Oy A hsAfEz. ziE zIdE Iz zAwEl EAkzi zO kOzAzE Of Izl AbIl EjUAsl OfE rAn.

Cryptology - Difficult The following story has been encrypted with a special code. Each letter systematically represents a different letter in the alphabet. Can you break the code?

Epf eioewtfl ysn? Zit eioewtf ipl voful, axz epf’z ysn. Eioewtfl xltr zg ysn of zit hplz sowt pss aokrl. Axz zitn lzpkztr zg soct vozi htghst pfr eipfutr. Zitok agrotl ugz aouutk axz zitok voful ugz ldpsstk. Lg fgv zitn epf’z ysn. Axz p eioewtf epsstr Littfp ror ysn of 1985. Lit vpl p youizofu eioewtf of Pdtkoep. Littfp ystv 192.07 dtztkl!

Zit dglz ypdgxl eioewtf zitkt pkt pagxz 500 wofrl gy eioewtfl of zit vgksr. Axz zitkt vpl gft ctkn ypdgxl eioewtf. Of 1945, of Egsgkprg, X.L., zitkt vpl p eioewtf epsstr Doeipts. Doeipts ol of zit 1947 Uxofftll Aggw gy Vgksr Ktegkrl. Ziol eioewtf vpl agkf vozigxz p itpr. Axz it egxsr lzoss soct! Igvtctk, of 1947, lgdtziofu ztkkoast iphhtftr. Viost doeipts vpl tpzofu, yggr ugz lzxew of iol zikgpz pfr it rotr.

Vipz rg zitn tpz? Eioewtfl xlxpssn tpz vipz zitok gvftkl uoct zitd. Axz zitn pslg yofr yggr gf zitok gvf. Zitn tpz axul zipz dgct pkgxfr gf zit ukgxfr. Zitn lvpssgv yggr atepxlt zitn rg fgz ipct zttzi. Zitn pslg tpz lpfr pfr rokz.

Vin rg eioewtf ipzt zit igz vtpzitk? Htghst lvtpz lg vt epf egfzkgs itpz. Eioewtfl rg fgz ipct lvtpz uspfrl. Zitn pkt egctktr vozi ytpzitkl. Zitn ipct zg dpwt zitdltsctl eggs an ghtfofu zitok dgxzil. Zitn pslg ysph zitok voful. Zipz ol vin zitn rg fgz sowt zit igz vtpzitk.

Igv rg eioewtf lstth? Ipct ngx lttf eioewtf lstthofu gf hgstl? Zitn sggw pl oy zitn voss ypss axz zitn rgf'z. Ziol ol atepxlt zitn igsr gfzg zit hgstl ctkn zouizsn. Eioewtf xltr zg at ysnofu aokrl zipz soctr gf akpfeitl. Lg zitok fpzxkps ipaozl pkt ligvf viost zitn lstth.

Ipct ngx tctk lttf p eioewtf of ngxk rktpdl? Lttofu p eioewtf of ngxk rktpd ol uggr sxew! Oy ngx eipltr eioewtfl, ngx voss utz p sgz gy dgftn. Oy ngx ltt p eioew ipzeiofu ykgd ozl tuu, lgdtziofu uggr voss iphhtf. Oy ngx ltt p eioewtf itpr, ngxk ypdosn dpn at of sxew. Axz oy ngx ltt p itprstll eioewtf, ziol ol fgz p uggr rktpd. Lgdtziofu apr dpn iphhtf zg ngx.

Vtkt ngx agkf of zit ntpk gy zit kgglztk? Zitf, ngx pkt p ctkn sgnps htklgf. Pslg, ngx zkn ctkn ipkr pz psdglz tctknziofu. Ngx pslg ipct p aou odpuofpzogf. Ngx sowt prctfzxkt. Pfr ngx vgkw ipkr zg peiotct ngxk ugpsl.

[edit] Negotiating

Objectives: Students will learn a variety of negotiating tactics, be taught to convey information quickly and effectively, and will learn to solve problems through compromise. Materials needed:

• Blackboard
• Pens / pencils
• Student workbook
• “Go between” role cards

Vocabulary substitution:

Procedure: Setting Up the Classroom: The room should be set up so that there are six different stations. Each group of three will be divided into Person A, Person B, and negotiator. The two people need to be separated by a little distance. Copy and cut out the neighbor cards following the summary of this lesson. Laminate them if possible. You will need at least three complete sets.

Warm Up (10 minutes): Describe for the group the four types of negotiators. Write the types of the boards and then verbally describe one. The students must guess which one you are describing.

Types: A. Good/Bad Cop B. B. Friends C. Ultimaters D. D. Bullies

Descriptions: A. The crudest negotiating tactic of all usually starts with disparaging remarks about the other person. A bully doesn't need a valid reason to attack; it's in their nature to pick on someone who won't fight back. The attack is a tactic designed to break down your position. B. Phrases such as "You have to do better than that", or "Take it or leave it". The aim is to make the negotiator worry about the future of a talk. They want you to feel that you have to accept their idea because they won’t negotiate anymore. C. "I love your idea, I want to do it, but I just can’t". The person believes that if they manage to make friends with you, then you will do what they want out of friendship. D. There are usually two of them. One of them is to be a bad guy, his aim is to discomfort you by being aggressive, making ridiculous demands. The second one is a good guy, his job is to be balanced and apologetic for his partner.

Answers 1D 2C 3B 4A

Activity (30 minutes): (10 minutes for each set of role cards)

Put your students in groups of three or four. The students are each given a set of the ‘Neighbor’ role cards. The two students playing the neighbors sit on different sides of the room. Each of the three groups will use the neighbor role cards. The go-between must help the two neighbors come to an agreement. The go-between must carefully and accurately report the demands/proposals of the neighbors. The teacher can recommend that the neighbors use some of the negotiating tactics described in the warm up but this is not necessary.

After about 8 minutes, the groups can compare their solutions.

The go-between should take the place of one of the neighbors and then the teacher should hand out the Husband/Wife role cards.

Repeat once more with the ‘Country role cards’.

Summary (5 minutes): Remind the class about the different ways to negotiate. The class can talk about which ways were the most effective when trying to reach a solution. The class can talk about how they compromise…who…when…why…

Neighbor A You’re fed up with your neighbor’s behavior.

• You wish they’d:
• Turn down their TV
• Keep their dogs out of your back garden
• Stop parking in front of your gate

You also wish they’d stop complaining about you: you don’t see why you should change your lifestyle. Neighbor B You’re fed up with your neighbor’s behavior.

• You wish they’d:
• Prevent their teenagers from having late night parties
• Chop down the big tree in their garden
• Pick up their baby when it cries instead of letting him

scream You also wish they’d stop complaining about you: you don’t see why you should change your lifestyle. Go-Between You have to carry messages from one person to the other. Your object is to get them to reach an agreement, but you must report exactly what they said to each other.

Husband You wish your wife would:

• Stop complaining
• Have dinner ready every evening when you come home
• Stop quarreling with your mother

But you don’t see why you should change anything about your lifestyle. Wife You wish your husband would:

• Help in the house occasionally
• Look after the children sometimes
• Talk to you in the evenings instead of slumping in front

of the TV But you don’t see why you should change anything about your lifestyle. Go-Between You have to carry messages from one person to the other. Your object is to get them to reach an agreement, but you must report exactly what they said to each other.

Paranoia Your neighboring country Neurotica is causing a lot of problems:

• They are illegally occupying part of your territory on

the Eastern border.

• They are destroying large areas of rain forest, which is

causing flooding and damage to land in your country.

• Their high taxes on food imports are crippling your

economy. You don’t want to start a war: you’d prefer to solve these problems through negotiation. At the same time, you don’t want to give way on any issue. Neurotica Your neighboring country Paranoia is causing a lot of problems:

• They are illegally occupying part of your territory on

the Western border.

• They have built a nucle