English/English in use/Prepostions, conjunctions, and interjections
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[edit] Prepositions
A Preposition is a word used to express some relation of different things or thoughts from each other. Although overlooked in common speech, prepositional phrases should not be placed at the end of a question: as,
"Who do I give this to?" This is incorrect; the preposition is at the end of the question. When corrected, the sentence is: "To whom do I give this?" Prepositional phrases can be placed at the end of a sentence, however. See the following example:
"She did not sign up for tennis".
Prepositions are generally placed before a noun or a pronoun: as,
"The paper lies before me on the desk."
Commonly used English prepositions include:
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See also: List of English prepositions
Some words are linked with their prepositions, e.g. compared with, similar to, and different from (possibly different than in USA).
[edit] Conjunctions
A Conjunction is a word used to connect words or sentences in construction, and to show the dependence of the terms so connected: as,
"Thou and he are happy, because you are good."--Murray.
Conjunctions are divided into two general classes, copulative and disjunctive; and a few of each class are particularly distinguished from the rest, as being corresponsive.
A copulative conjunction is a conjunction that denotes an addition, a cause, a consequence, or a supposition: as,
"He and I shall not dispute; for, if he has any choice, I shall readily grant it."
A disjunctive conjunction is a conjunction that denotes opposition of meaning: as,
"Though he were dead, yet shall he live."--St. John's Gospel.
"Be not faithless, but believing."--Id.
The corresponsive conjunctions are those which are used in pairs, so that one refers or answers to the other: as,
"John came neither eating nor drinking."--Matt., xi, 18.
"But if I cast out devils by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God is come unto you."--Ib., xii, 28.
The Copulatives; And, as, both, because, even, for, if, that, then, since, seeing, so.
The Disjunctives; Or, nor, either, neither, than, though, although, yet, but, except, whether, lest, unless, save, provided, notwithstanding, whereas.
The Corresponsives; Both--and; as--as; as--so; if--then; either--or; neither--nor; whether--or; though, or although--yet.
[edit] Interjections
An Interjection is a word that is uttered merely to indicate some strong or sudden emotion of the mind: as, Oh! alas! ah! poh! pshaw! avaunt! aha! hurrah!
The following are the principal interjections, arranged according to the emotions which they are generally intended to indicate:--
- Of joy; eigh! hey! io! yeah!
- Of sorrow; oh! ah! hoo! alas! alack! lackaday! welladay! or welaway!
- Of wonder; heigh! ha! strange! indeed!
- Of wishing, earnestness, or vocative address; (often with a noun or pronoun in the nominative absolute;) O!
- Of praise; well-done! good! bravo!
- Of surprise with disapproval; whew! hoity-toity! hoida! zounds! what!
- Of pain or fear; oh! ooh! ah! eh! O dear! Oh, no!
- Of contempt; fudge! pugh! poh! pshaw! pish! tush! tut! humph! fine!
- Of aversion; foh! faugh! fie! fy! foy!
- Of expulsion; out! off! shoo! whew! begone! avaunt! aroynt!
- Of calling aloud; ho! soho! what-ho! hollo! holla! hallo! halloo! hoy! ahoy! hey!
- Of exultation; ah! aha! huzza! hey! heyday! hurrah!
- Of laughter; ha, ha, ha; he, he, he; te-hee, te-hee.
- Of salutation; welcome! hail! all-hail!
- Of calling to attention; ho! lo! la! law! look! see! behold! hark!
- Of calling to silence; hush! hist! whist! 'st! aw! mum! shhh! zip it!
- Of dread or horror; oh! ha! hah! what!
- Of languor or weariness; heigh-ho! heigh-ho-hum!
- Of stopping; hold! soft! avast! whoh! halt!
- Of parting; farewell! adieu! good-bye! good-day! see ya!
- Of knowing or detecting; oho! ahah! ay-ay!
- Of interrogating; eh? ha? hey? no?
[edit] References
A part of the text in this article, was taken from the public domain English grammar "The Grammar of English Grammars" by Goold Brown, 1851.
