Easy Ido/Lesson two

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Verbs

• Infinitives (to go, to walk) end in -ar: vidar (to see), facar (to do), flugar (to fly).
• The present tense ending is -as: vidas (I, you, he, she, sees), facas (do, does), flugas (fly, flies).
• The past tense ending is -is: vidis (saw), facis (did), flugis (flew).
• The future tense ending is -os: vidos (will see), facos (will do), flugos (will fly).
• The conditional mood ending is -us: (would, as in "I would like to go"): vidus (would see), facus (would do), flugus (would fly).
• The imperative (or command form) ending is -ez: videz! (look!), facez! (do!), flugez! (fly!). You can also use this form to say "let's". Ni flugez - let's fly.
• There are also past and future infinitives, ending in -ir and -or: vidir (to have seen), vidor (to be going to see). Note the correspondence between the infinitives and the simple tenses.

The verb "to be"

• The verb "to be" is esar. Me esas (I am), Me esis (I was), Me esos (I will be).
• You can just say es instead of esas if you feel like it. You use this verb all the time and that's why it has a short form.

Negative

To make a negative, just put ne before the verb. Me ne esas (I am not), ne flugas (doesn't fly), ne vidos (will not see).

Describing things with verbs

Active

• Replacing -ar with -anta turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is doing an action. Fluganta uceli - flying birds. Kantanta viro - a singing man.
• Replacing -ar with -inta turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that has done an action. Fluginta uceli - birds that have flown. Kantinta viro - a man that has sung.
• Replacing -ar with -onta turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is going to do an action. Flugonta uceli - birds that are going to fly. Kantonta viro - a man that is going to sing.

Passive

• Replacing -ar with -ata turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is having something done to it. Drinkata aquo - water being drunk. Manjata pano - bread being eaten.
• Replacing -ar with -ita turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that had something done to it. Drinkita aquo - water that was drunk. Manjita pano - bread that was eaten.
• Replacing -ar with -ota turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is going to have something done to it. Drinkota aquo - water that is going to be drunk. Manjota pano - bread that is going to be eaten.

Had and have

• When saying things like "I have eaten," "I had gone," and "I will have sung," you use the endings -abas, -abis, and -abos. Me manjabas la pano (I have eaten the bread), me manjabis la pano (I had eaten the bread), me manjabos la pano (I will have eaten the bread).

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