Afrikaans/Lesson01
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Afrikaans Les Een: The Basics
Contents |
[edit] Vocabulary
These vocabulary words can be found through this lesson, in the examples, in the dialogues, and to assist you in doing the exercises. Anytime there is a word you don't know in the lesson, refer to this comprehensive list.
| English | Afrikaans |
|---|---|
| and | en |
| be | wees (present tense: is) |
| eat | eet |
| food | kos |
| good afternoon | goeiemiddag |
| goodbye | totsiens |
| good evening | goeienaand |
| good morning | goeiemôre |
| goodnight | goeienag |
| hello | hallo/goeiedag |
| hi | haai |
| How are you? | Hoe gaan dit (met jou/U/julle)? |
| I'm fine | Ek is goed/ Dit gaan goed met my |
| My name is... | My naam is.../ Ek is... |
| see | sien |
| sleep | slaap |
| thanks | dankie |
[edit] Dialogue
Each lesson's dialogue will provide a conversation with features that will be discussed in the lesson, so that by the time you finish the lesson you should be able to understand without looking at the translation why the conversation is structured the way it is.
| Valerie | Goeiemôre! |
|---|---|
| Johan | Hallo! Hoe gaan dit met u? |
| Valerie | Dit gaan goed met my, dankie. Ek is Valerie, en u? |
| Johan | My naam is Johan. |
| Valerie | Totsiens, Johan! |
[edit] Translation
| Valerie | Good morning! |
|---|---|
| Johan | Hello! How are you? |
| Valerie | I'm fine, thanks. I'm Valerie, and you? |
| Johan | My name is Johan. |
| Valerie | Goodbye, Johan! |
[edit] Greetings
Afrikaans greetings are used in the same way as English ones are. What this means is that when speaking informally, you will usually greet someone with a haai rather than saying hallo or goeiedag to them. It is important to know that goeienaand is how you greet someone in the evening while goeienag is something you say when you're leaving someone at nighttime. Finally, the informal way to ask how someone is is Hoe gaan dit with the addition of met jou at the end being optional. If you are in a formal situation, or speaking to more than one person, you will add met u (formal) or met julle (plural). The pronoun section will clarify when to use jou/u/julle, which all translate into English as you.
[edit] Pronouns
[edit] Subject Pronouns
The subject of a sentence corresponds to who is doing the action (She loves him).
| English | Afrikaans |
|---|---|
| I | ek |
| you (singular, familiar) | jy |
| you (singular/plural/polite) | u |
| he | hy |
| she | sy |
| it | dit |
| we | ons |
| you (plural) | julle |
| they | hulle |
[edit] Object Pronouns
The object of a sentence is who the action is directed towards (She loves him, I gave it to her).
| English | Afrikaans |
|---|---|
| me | my |
| you (singular, familiar) | jou |
| you (singular/plural/polite) | u |
| him | hom |
| her | haar |
| it | dit |
| us | ons |
| you (plural) | julle |
| them | hulle |
The most obvious difference is the three forms of "you". Jy is most like the English "you", and is used more generally and when addressing a friend. U is the formal or polite version of "you", and is used when addressing an elder, your boss, a stranger or anyone whom you wish to show respect. Note that it is capitalized when referring to the Christian God. Julle is used when addressing more than one person.
[edit] Word Order
In Afrikaans, simple, present tense sentences are in SVO word order. English is an SVO language too. SVO stands for subject-verb-object. This means who does the verb comes first, than the verb comes next, and lastly, if the verb is directed towards something or someone it comes last. For example, in the sentence "I eat fruit" "I" is the person doing the action so it is first. "Eating" is what I'm doing so it comes second, and the eating is done to the fruit, so it's the object. So "I'm eating food" in Afrikaans is therefore "Ek eet kos".
[edit] Verb "To Be"
The infinitive is the form of a verb when it has no subject. In English this is to+verb, or just the verb. In Afrikaans the infinitive is the "regular" form you'll find in the dictionary, but even easier than English, the present tense and the infinitive are the same so the only difference between them is one has a subject and one doesn't. What this means is that while in many languages the verb changes forms when talking about different people ("I love-->She loves"), in Afrikaans we depend on the subject. There are two big exceptions to this, and we're going to learn the first one in this lesson. "To be" in Afrikaans is "wees" but the present form is not also wees, but rather is.
Another important thing to know is that the Afrikaans present can be both regular present and the present continuous ("Sally eet" can mean either "Sally eats" or "Sally is eating").
[edit] Exercises
Translate these sentences into English.
- Jy is Johan.
- Hoe gaan dit?
- Valerie slaap.
- Goeienag!
- Ek sien hulle.
- Sy is goed.
- Ek eet kos.
Translate these sentences into Afrikaans.
- I am Sally.
- My name is Johan.
- You (plural) eat it.
- We are sleeping.
- Hi!
- You (formal) see him.
[edit] Exercise Answers
Answers to the above exercises.
- You (sigular) are Johan.
- How are you? (informal)
- Valerie sleeps/is sleeping.
- Goodnight
- I see them.
- She's fine.
- I eat food.
- Ek is Sally.
- My naam is Johan.
- Julle eet dit.
- Ons slaap.
- Haai!
- U sien hom.
