Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Arts and Crafts/Print version/Part 4
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[edit] Pottery
| Part 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Arts and Crafts General Conference |
Skill Level 2 |  |
| Year of Introduction: 1938 | ||
|
The Part 4 Honor is a component of the Artisan Master Award . |
[edit] 1. Write or explain orally the different types and uses of pottery and the materials used in making it.
[edit] 2. What is the purpose of a glaze? Describe the specific dangers to be avoided.
[edit] 3. Design and draw two pottery forms, one of which must be decorated.
[edit] 4. Do three of the following. Each project is to be decorated, such as painted, glazed, or indented:
[edit] a. Using the coil method, make a jar or vase.
[edit] b. Using the slab method, make a box.
[edit] c. Using the pinch pottery method, make one object.
[edit] d. Design and make four different tiles.
[edit] e Make a tray or dish.
[edit] f. Throw a simple vase on a potter's wheel
[edit] Scrapbooking
| Part 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Arts and Crafts North American Division |
Skill Level 1 | |
| Year of Introduction: 2004 | ||
|
The Part 4 Honor is a component of the Artisan Master Award . |
[edit] 1. What is the purpose of Scrapbooking?
There are several reasons for scrapbooking. It may be to record a special event in a Pathfinder's life, or it may be to remember a special person, or to act as a visual journal. At its very core, scrapbooking is a way of archiving photos safely and at the same time telling a story with those photos.
[edit] 2. Why journal?
Pictures are only half the story. When the events happen and we "snap the photo", we remember every detail about what happened, who we were with, and how we felt about the occasion. However, as time passes, these memories fade. Ten tears later, we MIGHT be able to explain some of the details of the photograph, but we may have forgotten the names of some of our friends or acquaintances, and we'll probably have forgotten the feelings involved when the event was captured on film. Journaling helps us remember all this by having us put the story with each photo. We need to make sure that as journal for our scrapbook, that we don't just record the who and where of the picture, but also how we felt about that event and why. Some of you may ask - What do I write about? Here's one easy step: Pretend that you're telling a family member or good friend about the picture and why its in your album. Whatever you'd say to them is probably what you should journal for your scrapbook! In summary, journal the five W's: who, what, when, where, why.
Remember, Journaling is everything dealing with words that you do on a scrap booking page. It includes the title, headers, captions, and of course the journal event entries.
Journaling is often done by hand. Most scrapbook papers have tiny faint lines to help us keep our Journaling straight. This may take the jitters out of some who are afraid that the page won't be pretty when they are done. Other people don't feel like their handwriting is preferred for Journaling in their scrapbook. If you're one of these, you might enjoy the sources online to download FREE fonts that will give you lots of choices when using your computer and word-processing software to print journal entries, headers, and captions.
Some creative Journaling ideas:
- Write around the perimeter of a single photograph.
- Write around the perimeter of the entire page, framing the grouping of photographs.
- Use colored pens in inks that will complement or contrast the rest of the page.
- Sometimes write in complete sentences, Other times, write just the facts in a bulleted list.
- Draw a shape (such as a fish, a ball, a star) on the page lightly in pencil. Write the Journaling within the shape, filling up all of the shape. Erase the pencil line. The Journaling remains behind in the shape of the original pencil drawing.
NOTE:These ideas and others are available at http://www.scrapbookingcenter.com
[edit] 3. What is cropping and why is it done?
Cropping is the process of "cutting-down" the photos that you wish to place in your scrapbook. It is done so they can fit in the album, as well as draw attention to the main subject you wish to highlight. There are all kinds of fancy scissors to create perforated edges on your photos and of course "scrapbook frames" that can provide interest for the photos.
CAUTION: Don't over-crop your photos. Once its cut, there's no turning back. Maybe instead , create a "frame" from colored or designed paper to highligh the main subject. If you're using Polaroid photos never-ever cut them. The chemicals in the Polaroid paper will leak and ruin your pictures and potentially your whole album!
[edit] 4. What are the four (4) main types of scrapbooks used?
There are three types of scrapbooks that should be used for scrapbooking and one type that should never be used.
1. Three ring albums - These albums come with three round rings inside a binder. Sizes vary from ½" to well over three inches. Overall, these are the easiest to use and allow you to rearrange pages readily. The down side is that they often aren’t as pretty on the outside cover as some of the other types of albums, and the pages on the “3-ring side” often bend, or curl if overfilled, sometimes ruining a scrapbook over time. The quick fix: Don’t overfill the album or buy the 3-ring albums with the “flat side ring.” Also, you may not want to use both sides of this kind of album page, since if you rearrange the pages, the events shown on the back of each page may no longer match!
2. Post-bound albums - Allow adjacent pages to lie relatively flat when opened, with no separation between them. Just like the Three-ring albums, the pages can be arranged, though not as easily. Also, you’re not as limited by the number of pages in an album.
3. Strap-bound albums - This type of album has an expandable strap hinge. A disadvantage of this type of album is that the album must be taken apart to move pages. These albums, when opened, allow adjacent pages to lie flat without the hinge being seen. If you get an album where the page is bound to the strap, then you’ll need to get special page protectors. Some albums have the page protectors bound to the strap and pages can be slipped in and out through the top of the protector.
4. The Magnetic Album - This type of album lets journal entries and photos “stick” to the paper. Its really easy to get a nice looking album together fast. HOWEVER, the acid in the paper will quickly deteriorate your photos and memorabelia. See Caution note below!
CAUTION:Make sure that no matter what type or size of album that you end of using, that you get an album that is archival. That means that it uses acid free materials and that all papers / pages in it are lignin free. Also, never, ever use a magnetic album to store photos in. In just a few years, the photos will STICK to the magnetic stuff, and you’ll never get them free without ruining them.
[edit] 5. What is the purpose of using acid-free products?
Acid pages such as those used in magnetic albums will cause your pictures to age prematurely. This includes sticking to the page, chemically breaking down, and yellowing. Acid-free products help you PRESERVE your memories for years to come. Acid-free glue, pages, corners, stickers, pens, and much more will help you keep your album safe and pretty for years to come.
[edit] 6. What are the four (4) different types of acid-free adhesive?
- Photo Stickers - Small squares of double-sided tape.
- Photo corners - These come in a variety of colors and are good for mounting square pictures.
- Double sided tape - Good for mounting lite-weight memorabelia.
- Glue - This comes in both temporary and permanent varieties.
[edit] 7. What 'tool' is used to sharpen scissors and punches when they get dull?
To sharpen your scissors or punch, use them to cut fine sandpaper or aluminum foil. To keep them clean, use them to cut wax paper! More tips: http://scrapbook.lifetips.com
[edit] 8. Name five (5) different types of acid-free paper used in Scrapbooking.
- Vellum - Really nice fancy paper for special projects. It was once made from animal gut, but is now manufactured from wood fibre which is, beaten until clear, or plastic. It has wonderful translucent quality and is slow to absorb ink.
- Cardstock - This is easiest and cheapest scrapbook paper. Its available in lots of colors.
- Printed Paper - This may be cardstock or other type of paper, but it has designs pre-printed on the paper.
- Cover Paper - This paper is heavier weight, and is usually reserved for decorating the front-cover of your scrapbook. It comes in a variety of colors and designs.
- Paper Shapes - Pre-cut paper designs used to decorate themed pages. They can at times be 3-dimensional or artistically rendered.
- Textured Paper - is a category of paper that covers a wide range of embellished handmade papers. Examples include embossed, wrinkled, flex, thread, art, corrugated, crinkled. The texture could be bumpy, or rigid, or anything that has a feel to it.
[edit] 9. Make a scrapbook of at least 12 pages (8 1/2 x 11 or larger) on one of the following themes, and incorporating the use of colored paper, stickers, decorative scissors, matting and journaling.
- School Year
- Sporting Events
- Vacations'
- Holidays
- Building Projects (mission trips, new home, etc.)
- Wedding
- Birthday Party
- All About Me (birth to now)
- Family Reunions
Some tips for getting started:
1. Get organized. Find one place to put all the stuff you want to put in your album. This includes the photos, but may also include other “relics” or memorabelia that you wish to include. For example, if you’re doing a scrapbook on your school year, you may want to have a report card, a balloon from a special party, and the championship medal you won. These will all go into your scrapbook soon.
2. Choose your Scrapbook type. Is your scrapbook going to be a chronological record of events, or a memory of a special theme or event? Once you’ve decided, start to organize your photos accordingly.
3. Collect, create, or organize your journal entries. See requirement #2 for more details.
4. Collect your scrapbooking supplies. Many stores sell scrapbook kits. Some basic supplies include: a scrapbook album, refill pages, acid-free adhesive, a acid-free pen, cardstock and printed papers (see req. 8), and a sharp set of scissors. Other helpful supplies such as paper cutters, corners, etc. can be purchased/used as necessary and as the budget allows.
Note: Remember that Pathfinders come from many backgrounds, and you need to be sensitive to limited budgets and resources. In this AY Honor, we’re introducing them to the craft, not funding the craft! However, if there is someone in the Pathfinder community that will let the club borrow their scrapbooking supplies, enjoy them and say thank you when you return the well-cared for supplies.
[edit] 10. Memorize Joel 1:3
Joel 1:3 "Tell your children about it, Let your children tell their children, and their children another generation."
http://www.biblegateway.com is a great place to get this text and others in a variety of translations.
[edit] References
[edit] Scrapbooking - Advanced
| Part 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Arts and Crafts North American Division |
Skill Level 2 | |
| Year of Introduction: 2004 | ||
|
The Part 4 Honor is a component of the Artisan Master Award . |
[edit] 1. Have the Scrapbooking Honor
Answers to the Scrapbooking Honor can be found in the Arts and Crafts chapter of this book.
[edit] 2. What is lignin?
Lignin is the natural bonding element which holds wood fibers together. It is the chemical found in paper that causes it to yellow with age. Newsprint contains lignin—you’ll notice how brittle and yellowed a newspaper becomes after just a few days. Like acid, lignin can be removed during processing to make scrapbooking paper safe. Look for "lignin-free" paper.
[edit] 3. What plastic is safe to use in Scrapbooks?
Try to find some made out of Polypropylene plastic, polyester or acrylic. These materials are safe for photographs and paper and will not cause any damage or degradation to them.
[edit] 4. What plastic is not and why not?
Polyvinylchlorine (PVC) plastic is the type that degrades over time releasing the chlorine as a gas. Plastics with PVC’s and PVA’s can cause photos to become yellow and become sticky over time and damage delicate scrapbook items.
[edit] 5. Describe the value of Scrapbooking to future generations.
Scrapbooking allows us to share with future generations and others, what we believed, how we lived and helps keep the past alive for the future.
[edit] 6. How do you fix a journaling error?
To repair a journaling error you cover the writing with stickers, use a small piece of paper like a background to cover it up, or re-write by starting over.
[edit] 7. Complete an album of at least 24 pages of a size not less than 8 1/2 x 11 using techniques that includes the use of at least 10 of the following:
- Matting - A decorative border around a picture to serve as a frame or provide contrast between the picture and the frame
- Double Matting - A technique where two mats, with contrasting colors, are cut with slightly different sized opening. This allow you to see a small amount of the inner color mat as well as a larger amount of the outer mat. This create a very elegant contrast and accent for the potrait.
- Border Designs - For ideas go to http://www.4murfs.com/scrappershideaway/sharonsborders.shtml
- Journaling Boxes - A box that contains your journaling. To have an idea what it looks like go to http://www.scrapfriends.us/articles/journaling_boxes.html
- Colored Paper
- Printed Paper
- 2 Page Layouts
- Die Cuts
- Self Designed Die Cuts
- Stickers
- Punches
- Memorabilia Pockets - Perfect for storing keepsakes. Acid-free, self adhesive pockets. They prevent acid transfer and help keep important memories being lost forever.
- Decorative Scissors
- Templates
- Photo Cropped into a circles or ovals
[edit] References
For free printable scrapbook supplies:
http://www.scrapbookscrapbook.com
http://www.computerscrapbooking.com/index.html
[edit] Sculpturing
| Part 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Arts and Crafts General Conference |
Skill Level 2 | |
| Year of Introduction: 1945 | ||
|
The Part 4 Honor is a component of the Artisan Master Award . |
[edit] 1. List the tools and materials used in simple sculpturing.
[edit] 2. Model two or more examples of toy animals, using a sculpture medium.
You can use clay, playdoh, or sculpting medium clay.
[edit] 3. Make a model of the human hand or foot, using a sculpture medium.
The easiest type is a thumb in a good job thumbs up position.
[edit] 4. From a living model, make a statue "in the round" of the human head, using a sculpturing medium (not necessarily life size).
Use a easy clay material to shape up and use tools to do facial details.
[edit] Silk Screen Printing
| Part 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Arts and Crafts General Conference |
Skill Level 2 | |
| Year of Introduction: 1974 | ||
|
The Part 4 Honor is a component of the Artisan Master Award . |
[edit] 1. List the tools and equipment necessary for silk screen printing.
- a) a screen made of porous, finely woven fabric (originally silk, but typically made of polyester since the 1940s)
- b) stretched over a frame of aluminum or wood areas of the screen are blocked off with a non-permeable material to form a stencil, which is a positive of the image to be printed; that is, the open spaces are where the ink will appear.
- c) The screen is placed atop a substrate such as papyrus or fabric.
- d) Ink is placed on top of the screen,
- e) and a fill bar (also known as a floodbar) is used to fill the mesh openings with ink. The operator begins with the fill bar at the rear of the screen and behind a reservoir of ink. The operator lifts the screen to prevent contact with the substrate and then using a slight amount of downward force pulls the fill bar to the front of the screen. This effectively fills the mesh openings with ink and moves the ink reservoir to the front of the screen.
- f) The operator then uses a squeegee (rubber blade) to move the mesh down to the substrate and pushes the squeegee to the rear of the screen. The ink that is in the mesh opening is transferred by capillary action to the substrate in a controlled and prescribed amount, i.e. the wet ink deposit is equal to the thickness of the stencil. As the squeegee moves toward the rear of the screen the tension of the mesh pulls the mesh up away from the substrate leaving the ink upon the substrate surface.
[edit] 2. Name three kinds of inks suitable for silk screen printing.
There are five different types of screen ink to include solvent, water, and solvent plastisol, water plastisol, and UV curable.
UV Curable
UV curable inks consist of liquid prepolymers, monomers, and initiators which upon being exposed to large doses of U.V. Radiation instantly polymerize the vehicle to a dry, tough thermosetting resin. They also require less energy, overall, to dry or "cure" compared to gas or electric driers.
The down side of UV inks is they can cost as much as three times that of regular inks and must be handled differently than conventional inks due to safety issues. Additionally, solvents are required for clean-up which results in some VOC emissions.
Plastisol Inks
Plastisol inks (both solvent and water based) are used in textile screen printing.
Solvent Inks & Water Inks
Solvent and water based screen printing inks are formulated with primarily solvent or water. The solvent evaporates and results in VOC emissions. Water based inks, though they contain significantly less, may still emit VOC’s from small amounts of solvent and other additives blended into the ink. The liquid waste material may also be considered hazardous waste.
[edit] 3. List at least three industrial uses of the silk screen process.
Screen printing can be used to print on a wide variety of materials, including paper, paperboard, plastics, glass, metals, fabrics, and many other materials. Some common products from the screen printing industry include posters, labels, decals, signage, and all types of textiles and electronic circuit boards.
[edit] 4. Tell how bottles and round surfaces are printed.
Non-flat surfaces are printed using a transfer pad like an imprinter with a silicone printing pad.
- Here's a Wikipedia article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pad_printing
- Here's a description of the pad printing process: http://www.screenweb.com/index.php/channel/8/id/1609
- Here's a picture of such a device: http://www.imprintor.com/starterset.html
- Here's an animated process: http://www.pdsconsulting.co.uk/Printing%20Process/Pad/Pad.htm
[edit] 5. Make a design, transfer the design to a screen, and screen print one of the following projects:
a. At least ten greeting cards
b. At least three posters
c. Print a design on fabric
d. Comparable project of your choice
There are two tricky aspects to making a good silk screen print. The first is coming up with a good silk screen, and the second is transferring the design to the card, poster, or fabric. There are a number of ways to create the silk screen, each with a varying level of difficulty, and with varying degrees of quality. Naturally, the more complicated techniques produce the most professional results (at least in the hands of the professionals).
The method that is most likely to result in a successful print with the least amount of fuss, is to directly paint the blocking material on the silk screen. Before doing this, it is best to place tape around the edges of the screen on both the top and the bottom, making sure the inside edges of the tape line up. This will prevent paint from leaking out around the edges of the frame.
Second, place a sketch of the desired design (whether drawn by hand, printed from a computer, or taken from the page of a magazine), and trace it onto the silkscreen with a pencil, being sure that the entire design fits within the limits of the tape. Once the design can be plainly seen, use the blocking paint to begin filling in the negative - that is, you paint over the parts of the design that should not print. Allow the paint to dry.
Hold the screen up to a light to make sure that there are no holes in the negative portion of the screen where paint can leak through. If there are holes, seal them with more blocker. When you are happy with the result, make a test print on a sheet of paper or cardboard. It's a little scary to make your first print on an $18 sweatshirt, so it's a good idea to get comfortable making the prints on a disposable surface. Once you get the hang of it, try it on a shirt (or whatever you like).
After making several prints, you may notice that the screen begins to clog. At this point, you will need to take the screen to a sink and rinse out the paint. You may use a soft brush to scrub the screen lightly, but be careful not to remove any of the blocker. Shake it dry, check for unintended holes, and you should be ready to print some more.
[edit] Notes
- You should be able to find screen printing supplies or kits at your local hobby store.
[edit] References
[edit] Silk Screen Printing - Advanced
| Part 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Arts and Crafts General Conference |
Skill Level 3 | |
| Year of Introduction: 1974 | ||
|
The Part 4 Honor is a component of the Artisan Master Award . |
[edit] 1. Have the Silk Screen Printing Honor.
Answers to the Silk Screen Printing honor can be found in the Arts and Crafts chapter of this wikibook.
[edit] 2. Properly stretch and secure silk screen fabric to a frame.
[edit] 3. Know what fabrics can be used in silk screening and the advantages of each. What factors influence the choice of mesh count for the screen?
Opacity.
[edit] 4. Understand and use each of the following silk screen printing techniques:
[edit] a. Hand cut film stencil method
[edit] b. Photographic method
[edit] c. Resist method
[edit] 5. Use two of the following techniques in meeting requirement 4:
[edit] a. Print a design using two or more colors in proper registration
[edit] b. Print a repeat or all-over design
[edit] c. Print a three-color design using only two colors of ink
[edit] 6. Print on a material other than paper or fabric, such as glass, metal, or leather.
[edit] Soap Craft (General Conference)
| Part 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Arts and Crafts General Conference |
Skill Level 1 | |