AP Chemistry/Thermodynamics

Kinetic Energy

Energy of an object due to the motion of the object. It is represented: KE=1/2mv^2.

Enthalpy versus Entropy

Enthalpy (H) - heat of a system. Negative enthalpy means that the temperature increases. Entropy (S) - randomness of a substance.

Other Stuff

Specific heat capacity - number of joules of heat needed to warm 1 gram of a substance by 1K. Water's specific heat, in case you didn't remember, is 4.184J/g.

First Law of Thermodynamics = Law of Conservation of energy

Second Law of Thermodynamics - spontaneous reactions increase entropy (randomness).

Gibb's Free Energy

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS, where T is temperature in Kelvin. If ΔG is negative, a reaction is spontaneous. Note that some reactions are always spontaneous, some are never, and some depend on the temperature. Also, H is measured in kJ, and S in J.

AP Chemistry

The Basics · Periodicity · Solids and Liquids · Gasses · Reactions · Stoichometry · Thermodynamics · Solutions · Acids and Bases · Equilibrium · Electrochemistry · Nuclear Chemistry · Organic Chemistry

Appendix

Constants and Equations · About the AP Exam