A-level Physics/Equation Sheet

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Equations, constants, and other useful data that the A-level student of physics is required to memorise.

[edit] Forces and motion

See also Symbols for Physical Quantities.

[edit] Newtonian Mechanics

Kinematic Equations

  • \vec{v} = \frac {\Delta \vec{s}}{\Delta t} = \frac{d \vec{s}}{dt}
  • \vec{a} = \frac {\Delta \vec{v}}{\Delta t} = \frac{d \vec{v}}{dt}
  • \Delta v = v_0 + a \Delta t \
  • v^2 = v_0^2 + 2a \Delta s
  • s = s_0 + v_0 \Delta t + \frac{1}{2}a (\Delta t)^2
  • \Delta s = \frac{v_0+v}{2} \cdot \Delta t

Force and Momentum

  • \vec{p} = m \vec{v} \
  • \vec{F_{net}} = m \vec{a} \
  • \vec{F} = \frac{\Delta \vec{p}}{\Delta t} = \frac {m \Delta \vec{v}}{\Delta t} = \frac{d \vec{p}}{dt}
  • \vec{F_g}=\frac{GmM}{r^2}\

Work and Energy

  • E_g = mgh \ (for small heights only)
  • E_g = \frac{-GmM}{r} \ (for any height)
  • E_K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 \
  • W = \vec{F} \cdot \Delta \vec{x} = \int \vec{F} \cdot d \vec{x}
  • P = \frac {\Delta W}{\Delta t} = \frac{dW}{dt}

Where:

  • v0 = initial velocity
  • v = final velocity
  • a = acceleration
  • s = displacement
  • t = time
  • W = work done
  • m = mass
  • M = different mass, for equations with 2 masses interacting
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