English: Cryptochrome pigment photocycle: Light absorption reduces FAD^{ox} to the semiquinone FADH* and to the fully reduced FADH–. The cycle is closed by the re-oxidation of FADH– to
FADH* by oxidising agents generated by oxidative stress. The magnetic field (MF, here) affects
the speed of photoactivation from FAD^{ox} and the reoxidation step of FADH–. Adapted from Thorsten Ritz, Margaret Ahmad, Henrik Mouritsen, Roswitha Wiltschko, and Wolfgang Wiltschko.
Photoreceptor-based magnetoreception: optimal design of receptor molecules, cells, and neuronal
processing. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface / the Royal Society, 7 Suppl 2:S135–S146,
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